In Japanese, you will frequently see the construction noun + のこと to refer to something like “the thing of [noun]” or “the essence of [noun]”. You might see it, for example, when someone is confessing to someone else: [Name]のことが好きです. I personally have difficulty explaining this well, but here are some examples from Maggie-sensei where she goes into it a bit more.
To summarize, お前のこと and お前 would refer to the same person here, that being Hinata. So Kageyama is saying “I remember you well.”
The full sentence here is「俺もとれるかわかんねー」, and I’d break it into two parts as 「俺もとれるか」and「わかんねー」. The first part you’d read as a normal question (can I get that?), and the second part is the “response” (in this case) to that question (I don’t know). Putting that together, you’d get something like I don’t know if even I can get that.
This sort of construction is fairly common where you include question phrases followed by a verb like わかる or 覚える or 知る (or other verbs depending on what sort of question is being asked). Wasabi does a quick overview of it so you can see more examples.