Transcription
《その後もひたすら研究を続けて論文を量産した人が教授になる》
その that is followed 後(after) and ひたすら(devotedly). Ok, so far so good.
研究(research) so that is probably what is what is being done ‘devotedly’ but let’s wait and see. What comes after is 続きて, the verb “to continue”, so also continue the research devotedly. The ~て form sequentially links to the rest of the sentence.
The subject of the sentence is indicated by the particle 『が』which is a person, 人. What precedes 人 is attributive to it, so 論文を量産した. 論文(thesis) is the direct object を of “mass produce” in the past. So altogether, a person who has produced a lot of thesis.
Finally, 教授(professor) used in conjunction with 『に』なる, becomes.
That research is continued devotedly and a person who produces a lot of thesis will become a professor.
That forms makes a noun out of a verb (like in English “to do” → “doing”).
As a phrase ending however, it has a function similar to the te-form, but more formal/serious looking.
My understanding is that it is mainly used when listing arguments, points.
I’m still far to fully understand it, particularly as it is not as common as other sentence ending forms…