Zizka's JLPT 4-3 Studies

#3 5時になったら仕事をやめて帰ってもいいです。
5時に 5 o’clock … … … … いいです。it’s okay/good.
…帰ってもいいです。looks plausible;
Then: 仕事を verb construction => 仕事をやめて
仕事をやめて帰ってもいいです。=> to finish and go home.
5時になったら => if it becomes 5 o’clock.
2 → 3 → 1 → 4
When it’s 5, you can finish work and go home.
たら is a bit tricky: I am reading that it can be used before saying something we choose to do.
Anyway, its tricky part is compared to other ways of saying if/when but here, we only need to decide if fits where we put it.

#4
この looks like it should proceed a noun
なりません looks like it should be proceeded by なければ

2→4→1→3

After now I must return this book to the library.

#5
この looks like it should proceed a noun => 2 or 3
なくてもいいです seems a good ending
so:
2→3→4→1

It’s okay to not put a stamp on this letter.

or
3→2→4→1
I got the correct answer but I didn’t know this - I had to look it up:

切手を貼る
きってをはる
to put on a stamp

I agree that the reasoning is the most important thing with these sentence puzzles.
As I mentioned, I feel they are very tough when I don’t know all the vocabulary - and the grammar point. I guess that is the point of them! I also guess their main focus is grammar, with vocab tested elsewhere. I scraped N3 and I want to consolidate earlier level stuff so these are good practice for me. Mostly, when you get to the right answer and it reads okay, making sense, you’re done but I would welcome hearing if any senpai’s (先輩) have better reasoning descriptions compared to mine.

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I wrote that too.

Seeing as no one said anything you probably got it right but I wrote:

3⃣仕事を 1⃣やめて 2⃣なったら 4⃣帰ってもいいです。

I figured: If work is over at 5, it’s ok for you to return home.

I wrote that too.

For #5, I wrote:

この…

**②てがみ「には」**letter + 助詞 には:in regard to… = in regard to the letter

③切手を stamp + direct object 助詞

④はらなくても

①いい

④+① had to go together so it was the only possible answer (because of the ~もいい structure). I didn’t stop to think about the meaning of the sentence or realize はる what this 貼る. I’ll translate my sentences in the future for some extra practice.

I’m adding two more. If you’d like to do them, please make sure to hide your answers for other people who’d like to do them and don’t forget to provide your reasoning, justification that got you to your answer:

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That’s wrong. をやめる is transitive, so you do the stopping. That being followed by なる makes no sense. The original DramaM18 solution is the correct one.

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Answer for 6

By the way, as far as I’m concerned, feel free to nitpick anything I write, I want to get things right.

6⃣ けっこんしきのパーティーに…しました。

So I think here it’s one of those 動詞+に行く structure:

(it’s French, my first language).

What’s bothering me though is that it’s saying that what precedes に+行く・行きます should be the masu-stem version of the verb, which isn’t the case in this example.

Also, if I put 行く at the end it doesn’t work because it says: しました… If it was the polite past it would be: 行きました not しました. This means しました is just the polite/past form of する.

So it’s probably more a case of ことにする.

Since the only verb in the ~る form is 行く, it needs to be go before ことにする.

Which means:

① comes before ② is last.

which means:

④着物を③着て①行く②ことに

So: I decided to go to the party wearing a kimono.

I’ve done 7 but I’ll let someone else give it a shot. I’ll compare my answer then.

p. 66:

Answer for 1

Ok so I was a bit confused about this one at first because of ついて which I’m used to see in ~について. The います gave me the hint that it was probably a ~ている construction. Since the only verb is つく, the answer writes itself…

② ④ ① ③

…since the first string is basically a chain of possessive の.

The use of ひらがな for ついて (て form of つく) made it harder. I’m sure I have the right answer, I’m just not sure what つく means.

So something about electricity in Yamada’s room. Scrolling through the different つくverbs, I figured it was 点く, to be turned on.

The electricity in Yamada’s room is turned on. Weird, isn’t?

Answer for 2

This one, I felt, was easier.

①人口は: population

②アメリカ: USA

③より: used for comparatives

So the answer would be:

① ② ③ ④

There’s really no other possible option. Maybe ずっと can be hurdle if not known as it can have different meanings. In this case, likely much more.

The population of China is much more than the population of America.

Answer for 3

Let’s start about what we do know:

In Kyoto, during the summer… very lively.

①なる+と is my best guess.

②行われて【動詞】transitive, Godan, ‘to perform’.

③花火大会が【名詞】I know はなび means firework, so some kind of firework event.

④大きい【い形容詞】big

So I’d say:

④ ③ ② ①

Kyoto is very lively when big fireworks are carried out during the summer.

Answer for 4

Let’s start what we do know:

1:に+やって(やる・て形)to do… only I misread!!! It’s not やる, because it’s よって. I knew something was off there. There’s something in Bunpro about this:

Noun it says. So this means that かかれた can only be directly before 絵, there’s no other way.

2: Leonard Da Vinci

3: かかれた・potential past form of the verb かかる. This threw me for a loop. Actually, かかる is verb that often makes me cringe a bit since it has so many possible meanings. Then I searched some more:

係る: to be the work of… passive form. Would make some sense here considering the sentence.

4:drawing

…です at the end. So, at a glance, I would say, this is a drawing by Leonardo Da Vinci. Since the whole sentence is describing the drawing, there’s a good chance 絵 is last.

? ? ? 4⃣

1 can’t be after これは, so (1) can’t be at the beginning.

I’d go with:

(2) (1) (3) (4)

I’d never seen によって before, oddly enough. I think here is simply means ‘by’.

This is a drawing drawn by Leonardo Da Vinci.

Final answer!

:stop_sign: unsure…

Answer for 5

Leaving this one here too. Less sure about that one and 7 from above.

Some notes:

のは:probably a nominalizer + topic particle or the の that replaces a noun, in which case 写真 (picture).

いつ:when

とる(取る)とった:plain past form of ‘to take’ (a picture).

だったか:だった(です)+か I’m assuming.

Since のは is the only particle, I’d say it goes before the verb at the end.

Since 写真 is followed by を it’d be tempted to use とった as it’s a verb.

I don’t understand the purpose of the か after だった here. It’s either an interrogative particle or ‘or’. Neither seem to work here.

So I Googled いつだったか… it seems it might work but I’d be guessing. Then I thought,

いつですか works so this could be it!

3 2 4 1

But I’m really not sure.

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#5.

この写真をとったのはいつだったおぼえていますか?

Correction:

この写真をとったのはいつだったおぼえていますか?

Do you remember when you took this picture?

I think のは makes a phrase with とった。

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You’ve missed the か off the end of the だったか piece 4 there; it’s not grammatical without it.

This is an embedded indirect question – an embedded clause which is a question ending か (or かどうか for a yes-no question) can connect to verbs like “remember”, “forget”, “ask” etc in the same way と does for direct or indirect quotation. See the “か in embedded clauses” section of the Tofugu article on か. DoBJG mentions it briefly in “か (2)” but doesn’t go into detail.

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Thanks - that makes sense.

(か was only visible when I clicked on the question but as you explained - it needs to be there :blush: )

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So for me, as mentioned in my explanation for 5:

Re: The Tofugu article:

To sump up, for those who may be wondering:

:white_check_mark: uncertainty particle

:white_check_mark:か for asking questions

:white_check_mark:か for alternatives

:white_check_mark:か for indefinite pronouns

:white_check_mark:intonation of か

:white_check_mark:か in embedded clauses

I think this this most important part:

I’m familiar with かどうか but that’s about it.

(A)【この写真をとったのは】(B)【いつだったか】(A)【おぼえていますか?】

So I think there are two clauses here, A and B, B being the embedded clause here.

I think you’re referring to this, correct:

or

link:

I’m not actually familiar with the term ‘indirect’ question. Does it mean it’s indirect in the sense that the question is part of the embedded clause as opposed to the main clause, is that why it’s called ‘indirect’?

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Yeah, I think so. To be honest I’m not sure “indirect” is very useful terminology here – calling them “embedded questions” is probably clearer. It might be that these sources are using it as a secondary description for people who happen to be familiar with it from studying English grammar.

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By the way, I often go back and forth switching from Japanese to English on the keyboard and I find pressing the alt+` key uncomfortable. It’s a tiny key and it’s far and I don’t like using my pinkie to press that key. Writing in capital from kana input will be in English but I don’t necessarily want to use capital letters… I googled for a while but couldn’t find any way to change the keyboard shortcut.

No one tried to do #7, so I’ll give it a shot:

Answer to question 7.

:hollow_red_circle: What we know:

マーク: brand

意味:meaning

です: copula

① とうい to be called…

② 洗えない : wash, potential negative = can’t wash

③ は: 助詞

④ せんたくき+で: washing machine + で

So it’s probably You can’t this brand in the washing machine.

My issue here is with という. According to Bunpro, it follows this structure:

Only I don’t see how it would fit in this example.

I’d go for:

3, 4, 2, 1:

このマーク【**は】【せんたくで】【洗えない】【という】**意味です。

The thing is that it doesn’t really work in this sentence…

It is a set expression that primarily uses only hiragana. という connects two nouns, and means ‘the (B) that is called (A)’, or ‘the (B) known as (A)’.

Tofugu doesn’t have any information about this, I checked.

DBJG:

This would make said in the sense of:

I heard that you can’t wash this brand in the washing machine.

Even then, what would 意味 mean at the very end?

Wait! Unless it means that the brand/symbol MEANS that you can’t put that (clothes) in the washing machine?

So the ‘meaning’ at the end means the meaning of マーク.

Ah yeah, pretty sure that’s it.

This symbol means that you can’t wash it in the washing machine.

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Yep, you got it. Note that the DoBJG submeaning you quoted says it’s for when という is at the end of the sentence, so it can’t be what we’re looking at here.

Some sources treat ~という意味 as its own “grammar point”, like this one, but it’s not really any different from the other kinds of noun you can link という up to.

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See, to me in this example:

~という is used very different than what is explained in Bunpro. On Bunpro, there are two ~という:

I’m assuming the first one is the wrong on since its structure is:

]

…which doesn’t apply in the example above AFAIK. Oddly, it’s also considered N3 and this is from an N4 book although it might be an oversight in the exercise book or Bunpro being wrong here.

image

Lola (noun A) + という + model (noun b)…

model called Lola

I don’t see how it applies in the case of #7.

In article you linked, I find it’s much more fitting:

I therefore see two distinct use of ~という:

a) called, named, known as… (doesn’t apply)

b) this means… (applies)

See, to me, they’re pretty different. So this might very well be because I misunderstand the usage of a). So again, the way I see it, it’s pretty different from other kinds of nouns linked with ~という.

In other words, I got the right answer but more through process of elimination than actually understanding until you provided the link to article about ~という意味.

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But in these sentences the “means” part is all in 意味; という is not contributing to that. In this kind of sentence という is connecting a descriptive clause to a noun:

  • タバコをすってはいけないという意味 == the meaning “it is forbidden to smoke”
  • もっと頑張らなくてはならないという気持ち == the feeling “I have to keep hanging in there” (from a DoBJG example)
  • 友達が今日来るということを忘れていた == the fact that my friend is coming today (also DoBJG)

This doesn’t work for all kinds of noun (as the DoBJG entry points out), but it’s wider than just 意味.

My guess is that the JLPT test setters are assuming that you will have encountered これは~という意味だ as a sentence pattern, though.

I don’t think Bunpro covers this very well. There’s a lot of different uses of という and it doesn’t seem to have entries that really cover the whole range. (This one is “(6) a function as a relative pronoun” in this long blog post of different uses, for example.)

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Yeah, I think this is probably the most succinct way of putting it. I think I can move on with this explanation in mind.

Answer #1

While I knew 雲 meant ‘cloud’ I wasn’t aware 曇る existed, to get cloudy. This one is fairly straightforward.

① ④ ③ ②

Answer #2

混んで made me hesitate a bit but really 混む in the ~て form which I would’ve been able to tell if it was a 漢字 as opposed to hiragana.

Because this road is crowded, it seems it’ll take two hours to get to the airport.

①2時間 ④くらい ③かかり ②そう

The かかり is the ~masu stem used in combination of かかる・【かかり】ます+そうです.

I’m leaving these ones there for someone else to give it a shot as I don’t want it to only be about me but rather a collective activity.

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The first time I stumbled.
Do you have an answer Key? I would instinctively go for ④ ③ ① ② but the more I think about it, I think both would grammatically be possible? I think my ordering is less natural since it is simply implicit that the sky is cloudy, but I probably have to ask a native…

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I agree with you – I think the subject of 曇る is the sky (or just omitted, as in “it’s cloudy today”), not the thing you can’t see because of cloud. (You can also use 曇る for transparent objects like a window becoming clouded over with your breath: ガラスが息で曇る where again it’s the medium that is the subject, not the now-invisible thing the other side of it.)

1 2 3 4 is also a grammatically valid order, but we can discard it as it puts the cart before the horse :slight_smile:

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Quickly dropping in to say there’s an answer key and it is what downtimes said. I’ll have to examine this sentence in greater detail.

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These are all fun to try, thank you for sharing! I came up with a different answer from you for #3 of this batch, but I’m not sure if I’m right - I’d love to hear what others think!

東京では、夏になると大きい花火大会が行われて、とても賑やかです。

In Tokyo, when summer comes (lit. when it becomes summer) big fireworks displays are put on, it’s very lively.

I thought the construction 夏になると sounded right because I’ve heard that construction many times with all 4 seasons!

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Ah, yeah. You are right, I didn’t check all the answers. て刑+なると is not a thing I know of.

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Ah yeah, you’re right! It makes complete sense (when summer comes).

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