Is it right that (appart from vocabulary and Kanji) the most important things to understand a sentence are
That’s my Impression after learning Japanese for 4,5 month.
I already have books for learning the first two things. Are there also books that concentrate on words that connect sentences?
Are there Things you would add to that list?
You have books that cover particles and conjugations and nothing else? Any decent grammar book should cover conjunctions too.
At any rate what you’re saying seems true to me but only at the beginning. In the long run the difficulties come from idiomatic constructions that you have to remember. Japanese is full of those.
I would say that basically everything a beginner textbook covers should be in the list (OK, you could skip the keigo chapter). That cuts across your list – some verb forms are really important for understanding sentences (~ている, for instance, and conditionals), but some verb forms are rarer and you can ignore them for now (like ~ず negative forms); some words that connect sentences are common and useful for expressing yourself, but some are more literary and less worth worrying about to start with; and some particle uses are so common they occur in every other sentence, but some are rarer.
In terms of the categories of things that it helps to learn, I would add “sentence patterns” – the standard templates that are how Japanese sentences are typically structured. I think it’s much easier to produce and also to understand idiomatic Japanese by building up in your head the patterns of “this is what this kind of sentence with a comparison looks like”, etc, rather than trying to construct one from scratch based on your understanding of individual particles, verb conjugations, etc.
I found These books for sentences patterns:
These two websites about conjunctions:
And Something about collocations:
You can ignore ~ず if your studies aim for speaking, as you can always replace ~ず by other expressions. If you want to read Japanese you have to know the meaning of ~ず since it turns ‘doing sth.’ into ‘without doing sth.’.
My Goal is to read and watch/listening. Speaking is Not so important at the Moment.
I didn’t say “you can ignore ず”, I said you can ignore it for now, i.e. in the first six months to a year of learning. You can look it up when you eventually run into it, but in the category of verb conjugations there are a lot of others that are much more important to learn first. So ず is in my opinion nowhere near qualifying for “the most important grammar to understand sentences”.
I think a general grammar resource is probably more helpful then individual items focussing on different aspects of sentence structure. Something like Genki, Bunpro, Tae Kim etc.
I already have normal textbooks, but I thought it would be a good Idea to learn some aspects of Grammar separately to get faster to understanding whole sentences.
I would add the equivalent to “relative clause” to your list (though I guess it falls under “sentence structure”). You get to see/read this a lot. Still trips me up a bit when I start looking for the “main clause” of the sentence. ^^’