Yeah you can pretty much just plop a verb in its dictionary form in front to make a relative clause. Sometimes the が gets replaced with の in relative clauses as well.
走る人. A person that runs
走ってる人. A person that is running
ピアノがある部屋 room where there is a piano
猫がいる部屋. Room where there is a cat
I don’t know if it helps, but a basic and somewhat narrow description of a noun is a person, place, thing, or being. Cat, people, park, pencil, etc. Nouns can be more abstract concepts too though.
If it helps, which it may not, the Japanese definition of a 名詞 (めいし), which is to say a noun, is:
The 50,000 foot view[1] of relative clauses in Japanese is that they are a little mini sentence (ending in a verb) that goes in front of the word you modify. The mini sentence has to be correct Japanese in the same way as a main sentence does. So because 溢れてがある isn’t a grammatical main sentence, it doesn’t work as a relative clause either.
Like truth, justice.
The American Way.
A useful thing to remember is that both halfs of the sentence should make sense on their own:
ピアノがある - There is a piano.
ピアノがある部屋 - A room with a piano.
部屋にいます - (I) am in a room.
ピアノがある部屋にいます - (I) am in a room with a piano.
For the previous sentence:
猫が溢れている - Cats are overflowing.
猫が溢れている部屋 - A room where cats are overflowing.
部屋にいたい - I want to be in a room.
猫が溢れている部屋にいたい - I want to be in a room where cats are overflowing.
Could someone please help me break down what’s going on at the end of this sentence?
これを懲罰と呼ぶならぬる過ぎだ。
ぬるい = lenient
ぬる過ぎだ = is too lenient
昨日、かぞくで花火大かいに出けました。
I went to see a fireworks display with my family yesterday.
Not sure if this was already asked before. When reviewing my burned items, I came across this example sentence for 花火 (level 4). Why is it 家族で instead of 家族と? Is it ok if we use 家族と in this sentence?
家族で is like “as a family” (setting aside how the translation has to work with the subject of the sentence)
家族と is like “with my family”
I don’t think anyone would take it to be some big difference or anything, but で is totally normal.
Thank you, it’s clearer now 
当日はお気をつけてお越しくださいませ。
How would you translate the meaning of this sentence?
Is it just a polite way of saying “See you at the visit on this day”, or more “Please be here at the visit”(do not miss it)?
“Please be careful on the day of your visit”.
But yeah, it’s polite language. Context would probably help - context always helps for Japanese. What is being visited here?
Thanks!
It’s for an apartment visit. Not sure if it’s just a formal greeting or if the realtor is worried I’ll forget the date
Is there something about it that gave you the impression this was more forceful or accusatory?
Not really
Really simple question but this confused me. Why is the を particle used instead of で here? Would using で be wrong in this situation?
を is not just the direct object particle. It’s also used for indicating the location of departure or traversal, the latter being the case here. I think で would be fine as well. It would just change the nuance a bit. Take what I’m about to say with a grain of salt, but it might be that よく公園を散歩します is “I often take a stroll through the park” while よく公園で散歩します is “I often take a walk in the park”.
The Tofugu article on を has a section “を with Movement Verbs” that talks about this, and discusses the difference between using the two particles.
How is cut off speech usually denoted?
Sorry I’m having a hard time finding examples
Seeing a line ending in a small tsu っ or a 。。。 is a good indication of cut off speech.
I was wondering what もつ means here.
小学生がもつ 日常にもつ 科学の疑問に
Is it a form of 持つ？