Is there more context to this or is this the full sentence?
I took a look at what Deepl spat out and I would say it translates like this:
From there on, at the belt/loop line, several stops from Shinjuku, we changed trains.
It would probably make more sense with an extra comma:
そこから環状線 で、 数駅 の 新宿 で 乗りかえて。。。
So the first で is a clause linker and the second で is the context marker.
Could be wrong, though.
そこから環状線 で 数駅 の 新宿 で 乗りかえて、地下鉄で二駅のところに私の家はある
This is the full sentence.
But how 数駅の新宿 is ‘several stops from shinjuku’? Is it like a common expression?
That’s how I understood the 数駅の〜 part, but I’m having trouble finding a proper explanation online 
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What’s the context? Where did the sentence come from?
Friends just got on a train and that’s the explanation of the path they’re taking.
Like… Your real life friends? Text or speech?
With real people conversing real time, the possibility always exist that it’s just a sloppy or poorly thought out sentence.
Ah, you meant in this way.
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I’m tired, but when I read this it only reads as
Taking the loop line from there a few stations to shinjuku, my house is at a place thats two stops by metro (from shinjuku station)
To answer your question, で is used for like describing the amount of time and stuff it takes for a certain method of transportation.
ここから徒歩で一時間 is specifically one hour by foot from here.
そこから 環状線 で 数駅 is "several stations by that certain loop line from there (there being whatever station or place was mentioned earlier.
の is taking that whole phrase and using it to describe shinjuku. Shinjuku station is a place that is several stations by loop line from そこ
Take 駅徒歩10分の物件 for example. It refers to property thats a 10 minute walk from the station.
新宿 で 乗りかえて
for the last で, thats just the particle we use for 乗り換え
駅で乗り換える is just like transferring lines at a station. で is like “at”.
Thanks a lot. It feels weird because in this sense 数駅の新宿 sounds like there are other shinjuku’s out there that are not 数駅の. It’s much easier to understand with a common noun example.
I never really studied much technical explanations when I learned grammar so my ability to explain it is pretty bad, but I see what you mean by ~の新宿 feeling like there are multiple shinjukus out there. Like 俺の might describe 携帯 and its like yeah there are a buncha phones out there but 俺の携帯 specifically refers to the phone which is possessed by me.
The の in the sentence you gave is kinda separate from that in my mind. The part before the の still describes the part after it, but the part after it is not possessed by it. The part after it is some standalone thing and we are just describing it. Someone here may know the technical term for this usage of の but its like in sentences like
主人公の三四郎の考えてること、 全然わからない。
主人公の三四郎 in my mind really isn’t different from 主人公である三四郎 in terms of meaning.
whereas in 主人公の親友の考えてること、全然わからない.
主人公の親友 would never cross my mind as meaning 主人公である親友
Same sentence otherwise, but changing the nouns just automatically changes the way I perceive it and I honestly can’t explain why. There are some people on here that like learning grammar explanations and the more linguisty stuff, so maybe one of them will know the actual name for this kind of thing and be able to give you some rules.
Otherwise just do what I did and read a whole bunch and let your brain figure it out lol.
Personally, I’d translate that as “subway”. I know in many places, “metro” and “subway” are synonymous, but aside from the fact “metro” refers to a specific model of train network, Tokyo Metro is only one of eleven major train companies in Tokyo. 都営地下鉄, for example, also stops at Shinjuku. 
I don’t know if this helps or if you’ve actually already figured it out, but I think you need to interpret part of the sentence parenthetically:
Try lifting that bit completely out of the sentence. Does it make sense now? I’d say it’s something like ‘changing at Shinjuku, which is a few stations down from there via the loop-shaped line’.
I can’t seem to parse the second half of this:
「そうですか」 適当に返事をしつつもたれかかると [Loc 464, 無職転生]
Basically, the speaker is responding to a comment and I think it means something like “I vaguely responded” but the しつつもたれ part I can’t seem to figure out.
If it said しながら instead of しつつ would you be able to parse the rest? That’s basically what しつつ means.
It’s しつつ (while) and もたれかかる.
Isn’t that difference a little too much? Doesn’t the first read more like “These are the tomatoes Grandma worked hard to raise”?
Looks like it to me, yeah. I’ve never known that grammar construction to mean anything other than being descriptive of the noun following it - so indeed, the tomatoes Grandma worked hard to raise.
Thanks for the link to https://ejje.weblio.jp! I use jisho constantly, but the example sentences are lacking. The related words tab is also neat. And even just translating what’s on the page is kind of fun. Lots of quality rabbit holes here, thanks!
Context sentence for 久しい
わたしがベーコンをたべなくなって久しい。
It’s been long since I stopped eating bacon.
I follow everything through the word in question, I recognize the なくなる construction, and then なる is in the て-form, but I’m confused about how なって and 久しい are supposed to relate to each other.
I feel like it’s just the basic conjunctive use of the て-form, joining two predicates together either as cause/effect or just in sequence, and my trouble is mostly that “long ago” doesn’t exactly make sense as an adjective or a predicate in English, but was curious if there was a more specific pattern I’m failing to see here or if anyone has a better way to explain that.