The words Japanese people often use to negate are
- When you’re asked about your preferences, (微妙)びみょう which means “not good”
- When you want to say “not much”, あんま or あんまり
- When you want to negate with your another opinion or the answer of the fact, じゃなくて
- When you are not sure but want to deny, じゃないなぁ…
- When you just want to tell the facts, 〜じゃない, ~ない or いや、違う. If you put と思う at the end, it will be the nuance that you have another opinion.
ex.)
この服とこの赤い靴、合うと思う?
This clothes look good with this red shoes?
いや、(それは)びみょう(だなぁ~)。
It’s not good.
いや、赤じゃなくて黒でしょ!
No, black is better than red!
いや、赤じゃないでしょ~。
Not red. (I have another opinion!)
いや、赤じゃないなぁ… 。(なんだろうなぁ…)
Not red. (But what color is better…?)
いや、あんま合わないと思う。
It’s not much good with them.(I have another opinion)
いや、違うっしょ。(or 違うと思う)
I don’t think so. (I have another opinion)
納豆好きだっけ?
Do you like natto?
いや、びみょう。
It’s not good.
いや、好きじゃないなぁ。(なんでだろう…)
No I don’t. (What is the reason I dislike it?)
いや、好きじゃない(ね)。
No, I don’t
いや、嫌い。
I dislike it.
けいちゃんってまだ学生?
Kei, are you still student?
いや、学生じゃなくて社会人だよ。
No. I’m working now.
いや、学生ではない!
No! (so I’m working now!)
いや、学生じゃないのよ、それが。
No (so I’m working now)
いや、違う。社会人。
No, that’s wrong. I’m working now.
I often use 「いや、びみょう」, 「いや、あんまだなぁ」,「~じゃないなぁ」, 「~ないなぁ」unconsciously, but if my denial is fact I use 「~ない」, 「~じゃない」, 「いや、違う」.
And ではない has the nuances of “strong assertion" and "having another opinion”.
The relation between じゃありません and ではありません is the same as じゃない and ではない.
But I’m not sure using じゃありません is polite. Yes it is certainly polite, but it feels too formal or a little old.
I often use じゃないです or 違います when I negate to someone I don’t know or on business.
日本語お上手ですね!
いやいや、そんなことないですよ。
or
いやいや、そんな得意じゃないですよ。
The case I use じゃありません is when I want to ask something to someone on business. It is the same way to use as じゃない? on casual conversation.
These are good and interesting questions and the explain of this is very difficult for me. I thought too much and my brain would explode, haha. One day I might talk about this on our channel. Thanks!