Yes, they only really teach you to read kanji. But to understand Japanese, you need to know more than the “letters” used to form words. 
I think immersion learning is the way to go. Start out with something easy and then move to more difficult stuff. But, even if you don’t understand everything while listening to a podcast, it’s not a waste of time to put yourself through it. Some things requires time and exposure for them to click.
For reading, I think you just have to keep at it. Gradually, you’ll find yourself looking up fewer and fewer words and kanji. And a translation doesn’t have to be complete or exact for you to still understand enough and enjoy whatever it is you’re reading. Having reasonable expectations can help when you start out as well. 