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Not that you mention it, you’re right. I didn’t notice that when I looked this up myself. 
Weblio: 物事で楽や横着をした分、後で苦労したり、損をしたりすること
So, basically what you found on jisho. Seems to be somewhat of a set phrase.
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Found this next one also as a set phrase on weblio, with the 2nd meaning they give fitting the situation well I think: 想像していたより実際は容易だったという表現
The kanji they use is 易しい, which is usually read やさしい. I think やすし may just be a colloquial or older form of the verb that is (or was?) commonly or at least sometimes used in set phrases.
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I think this part references to the part a week or two back (or was it?) where they joke about everyone dying around them. Now he’s saying, even if they’re together, their bad luck combined may just mean that she still won’t be happy… because people will keep dying, I inferred. Not necessarily this drastic/dramatic, but they did joke about that.
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Pretty sure this カマ is a cauldron. I think I’ve heard of a folk tale where there’s a big cauldron in hell… This here might be it, though I haven’t done more than read the sentences containing カマ. The first one in the story is … a farming tool that I vforgot the English name for. The story is called 地獄の暴れ者.
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A note upfront: I don’t think みかげ agrees with her. She’s going the Japanese way of seeking harmony by not being confrontational. I think what’s happening is more that some of the things that other lady says make her remember other things. I think second guessing yourself and your past actions when someone accuses you like this isn’t too unusual. I sure do this too. 
でも人はみんな、自分の気持ちの面倒は自分でみて生きているものです。Rather than telling her to just deal, I see this as a kind of opening statement. ‘People all care for their own feelings.’ I’m honestly not sure whether that もの nominalizes the statement (people are these kind of … people xD), or if it might not be ものです, as in stating a reason. It’s because of this that みかげ gets where she’s coming from.
あなたの言ってることの中に、たったひとつ、私の気持ちだけが入ってなかった。In what you’re saying, my feelings don’t come into it at all. (meaning, are not taken into consideration). The only thing is emphasizes that she hasn’t considered みかげ’s feelings even for a bit.
I think you’re translation’s fine. This ties in with all the rest above. She’s basically accusing her of judging her without even having talked to her. Like, ‘how come you know me well enough to know what kind of person I am, that I’m not thinking anything at all’ (this ties in with the previous sentence, her feelings haven’t been considered at all, like she has none. Unless there’s another one with actual 考える or sth mentioned? I don’t remember clearly enough)
Hope this helps! And yeah, I can’t remember her name either. xD I wouldn’t mind if she showed up again, though. First action scene!
