Proverbs are – in the US – generally in the public domain. They’ve been around a long time and have no known author. Be careful, though, as some catchphrases that are treated as proverbs culturally are much more recent. “Use the Force, Luke” is very much still under copyright!
A collection of proverbial statements can be copyrightable, though. The “original work” consists of selection, arrangement, and presentation.
So if you were to post a photo of a calendar page everyday alongside your own translation, that would pretty clearly be infringement. Just the proverbs without the rest of the calendar? IANAL, but it seems to me to be a stretch to try to prove that a list of public domain proverbs in an online forum affected sales of a calendar that happened to use the same list.