With う/える pairs like this, which one is which is entirely determined by how the verb was used historically. The う pair is gonna be the older one and the える pair will have been derived later. This doesn’t really help us at all since whether the older verb was transitive or intransitive has no real noticeable pattern, at least not for く/ける
That being said there are a lot of つく verbs. Too many honestly WK teaches you five: 付く, 着く, 点く, 就く, and 突く and there are still more WK doesn’t teach you. The only one of those five that isn’t intransitive is 突く “to stab” and you won’t learn that one for a while. So if you want to just remember that つく verbs are intransitive that’ll probably serve you pretty well at this point.