Thank you so much @JavaSparrow, and I hope your book arrives soon, I can’t believe it’s taking so long.
Thank you for that. I think my confusion is that the main verb in the sentence looks to be ちがいます, the last word in the sentence, so I thought other verbs embedded in a sentence have to take the て-form… but clearly I’m wrong! Thanks again so much.
I think that the なっている - Jisho.org is “consists of; to be composed of” rather than “to become”, so I think the first sentence could be translated something like:
岩山が そのまま 一つの 国に なっている?
A country that just consists of a rocky mountain?
I think the rest of the page could be something like:
In that situation, ~て form is used to conjoin or list verbs or adjectives to show actions in succession (朝ご飯を食べて、学校に行きました → [I] ate breakfast and went to school). More on this construction.
What’s happening here with 示した(しめした) and 表す(あらわす) is known as “attributive verbs,” it’s when a verb modifies a noun. Link to Bunpro.
Examples:
家から出た犬. (いえ から でた いぬ)
[a] dog that exited from [the] house.
色があらわすいみ
A meaning expressed by color.
39ページでしめしたように
[An explanation] as shown on page 39.
(~ように~ is another type of grammar construct meaning “like” or “as” explained here on Bunpro.)
Thanks, that makes sense, and would fit with the picture they’ve drawn in the book. Although in real life they seem like 3 very distinct castles/towers. Owned by different people I think.
I also thought the whole sentence modified 国がある - “there exists a … country” ?
言 います (say) or 言 いました (said) to report or quote speech, the particle と is placed before 言います. This expression is often written using hiragana only: 〜といいます (or the plain form という).
と言う is what we usually see, the casual form.
と言います at the end of the sentence, or と言いますが to mark the end of the subordinate sentence.
と言って to join sentences.
But I don’t think I have seen といい before? Why the ます stem?
For some reason といい sounded perfect to me. But trying to find a good answer to your question I realized everything you are explaining in the above post… Still investigating…