似る (にる) to resemble
似て te form
似てる shortened, casual version of 似ている
んだ casual form of explanatory のだ
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I got this sentence, お二人とも来てらしたのですね, I know お二人とも means both of you, but I don’t understand what conjugation of 来る is 来てらした. I was thinking of らしい, but my Japanese book says it conjugates like an い-adjective, so it would be らしかった, no? Thanks!
It’s いらす = ye olde polite version of いる, but with the い dropped 'cause it wouldn’t be Japanese without at least one absurd abbreviation.
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It’s probably the contracted form of いらっしゃる, used to make it sound formal (Keigo).
In this use, いらっしゃる is the same as いる, so:
来る → 来て → 来ている → 来ていた
来る → 来て → 来ていらっしゃる → 来ていらっしゃった → 来てらした
But this is not standard keigo, so you don’t usually see it written, although some people pronounce it like that depending on the region.
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Hah. Jinx. 
Though, one further tip, @Kzell, you can tell it’s keigo because 二人 is instead お二人. When it’s keigo, most of your typical verbs go out the window, but it at least gives you somewhere to start looking.
I can’t believe a textbook would use classical Japanese or weird abbreviated keigo in example sentences with no explanation, though, that’s really strange.
Who said it’s a textbook?
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I don’t think the sentence is from his textbook. Just the “how to conjugate らしい” is from his textbook, no?
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I guess I misread the post, but it sounded like the source of the らしい info was the same book, but I guess not.
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I was in the middle of typing the exact thing, but you took it out from under my nose
It is keigo, but it’s spoken so people usually contract things to make them easier to pronounce. I’ve seen this version a lot in anime/manga so I got used to it, but it can be confusing when first encountering it.
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What’s the difference between 混じる and 混ざる? It’s already been answered here 混ざる・混じる confusion but I can’t comprehend the Japanese explanation (despite being able to read it and understand the grammar. like a real doofus)
Thanks a lot! And no, the sentence is from a manga and the らしい from my textbook. I just still don’t understand one last part いらっしゃる is to come, so 来ていらっしゃった would to come to come?
いらっしゃる is actually used in place of 来る, 行く, and いる. So I think @SyncroPC already answered this (emphasis mine):
Pretend 来てらした (来ていらっしゃった) is 来ていた and see if you can make sense of the sentence with that.
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I asked my native friend if いらした is an abbreviated いらっしゃった and this is how he replied:
そうだね、省略の形で良いと思うよ。ただ、書くときじゃなくて話すときに使うイメージかな。あと男ではなく女。女性言葉の話し言葉って感じ。
So basically it’s the honorific いらっしゃる which takes the place of いる in keigo, but it’s only used in speaking, and seems to be mostly used by women, not men.
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君は玉ねぎをいくつ脇に挟めるかい？
Can anyone help me understand what the function of かい is at the end of this example sentence? Thank you in advance 
Unless I’m overlooking something (and if that’s the case, others will correct me, I’m sure) it’s this - the かい question marker.
From Tae Kim:
かい」 and 「だい」 are strongly masculine sentence endings for asking questions. 「かい」 is used for yes/no questions while 「だい」 is used for open-ended questions.
A source that goes a bit more in details of usage are in this Stack Exchange post:
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Thank you, this is helpful. I guess the improper use of yes-no かい for an open-ended question in this instance maybe says something about the nature of the speaker(?). I am still trying to suss out how natural (despite the absurdity) and grammatically correct the sentences are as I work with them and this says to me either there are mistakes, or the example sentences are “natural” aka, willing to present the language as it is used, even if technically incorrect. See: “ain’t”.
Edited to add: thank you for the additional information in the Stack Exchange post.
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Hello,
I have a brief question regarding one of the sentences I came across.
ピーマンはうれるとみどり色から赤色になります。
Bell peppers turn from green to red when they ripen.
if うれる had been 売れる instead of 熟れる, can the sentence mean,
“The Bell peppers that sell are the green ones and red ones.”
or is there more to the sentence that would need to be changed
maybe something like
ピーマン売れるのはみどり色と赤色になります。
I’m not confident in that analysis. と…から means from…to so I’m not sure that would be interchangeable, though what I wrote is based on my limited understanding of grammar.
As I think you suspect, more would need to change in the sentence. For example,
売れるピーマンはみどり色のと赤色のです。
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hmm that definitely makes more sense than what I wrote. I can read and understand ok, but I have much harder time trying to come up with the correct sentence.
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