Meanings of ても

When I read Japanese, I always instinctively translate “ても” as “even if” in my head, as this was the first translation I learned for the phrase.

An example would be 「何時間も勉強してもなかなかわからない。」- “Even if I study for hours, I can’t understand it.”

However, I know not all sentences that use this grammar would be translated this way.

An example I found is 「親友と言えるのは多くても五人くらいだ」- “Those I can call best friends are at most five people.”

Can someone explain the mechanics of “ても” that makes it fit into both of these sentences?

Or does anyone have a more general way of translating “ても” that they have found especially useful?

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„As for people I can call my best friends, even if I take a high limit, it’s about five people”

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Oh I see, so that meaning does apply more generally.

I guess I just wasn’t being creative enough with my translation! Thank you for the help!

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