The best way to study something is to try to teach others.
Following this way has helped me a lot in my career and I feel it will also work for learning Japanese.
Which is the reason for me to start this post.
Currently I am learning Japanese expression at an intermediate level which is mainly focused on writing reports/manuscripts and giving presentation. So the posts will focus on that for a while.
I will be happy if someone gets value out of what I am doing, and will appreciate your comments or questions.
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Letโs begin.
When writing manuscripts, or reports the most basic rule it to not to use ใงใ๏ผใพใform and instead use ใ ๏ผใงใใ form.
ใงใใform is preferred over ใ form when writing manuscripts or formal reports.
Letโs see how to change ใงใ๏ผใพใ to ใ ๏ผใงใใ
Noun๏ผ
Nใงใ โ Nใงใใ๏ผใ ใ
้็ๅใฏๅคงใใชๅ้กใงใใโ ้็ๅใฏๅคงใใชๅ้กใงใใ๏ผใ ใ
ใใใฏ้้ใใงใฏใใใพใใใโ ใใใฏ้้ใใงใฏใชใใ
ใใใ่ชฒ้กใงใใใโ ใใใ่ชฒ้กใงใใฃใ๏ผใ ใฃใใ
ใใใๅๅ ใงใฏใใใพใใใงใใใโ ใใใๅๅ ใงใฏใชใใฃใใ
Next post will be on changing adjectives and verb to ใงใใ๏ผใ form.
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How to change sentences ending in adjectives from ใงใ๏ผใพใ form to ใ ๏ผใงใใ form
na adjective ๏ผ follows the same rule as noun
ไฝฟ็จๆนๆณใ่ค้ใงใใโ ไฝฟ็จๆนๆณใ่ค้ใงใใ๏ผใ ใ
ใใใฏ้ฉๅใงใฏใใใพใใใโ ใใใฏ้ฉๅใงใฏใชใใ
่งฃๆฑบใใใฎใ**ๅฐ้ฃใงใใ**ใโ ่งฃๆฑบใใใฎใ**ๅฐ้ฃใงใใฃใ๏ผใ ใฃใ**ใ
ๅฎนๆใงใฏ**ใใใพใใใงใใ**ใโ ๅฎนๆใงใฏ**ใชใใฃใ**ใ
i adjective: remove the ใงใ at the end.
ๅๆตท้ใฏๅคใ**็ญใใงใ**ใโ ๅๆตท้ใฏๅคใ**็ญใ**ใ
ใใฎๅทฎใฏ**ๅคงใใใชใใงใ**ใโใใฎๅทฎใฏ**ๅคงใใใชใ**ใ
ๅฝผใฎ็บ่จใฏ็ใใใใฃใใงใใโ ๅฝผใฎ็บ่จใฏ็ใใใใฃใใ
ไปๅนดใฏ็ฉ้ช้ใๅคใใชใใฃใใงใใโ ไปๅนดใฏ็ฉ้ช้ใๅคใใชใใฃใใ
โฆand finally, the verb.
When writing manuscripts just end the sentences with dictionary form of verb and all will be good.
Examples
่ณๆใ้ใใพใใ โ ่ณๆใ้ใใใ
๏ฝใซใคใใฆใฏๆฑใใพใใใโ ๏ฝใซใคใใฆใฏๆฑใใชใใ
ใใผใฟใๅๆใใพใใใโ ใใผใฟใๅๆใใใ
่ชฟๆปใ่กใใพใใใงใใใโ ่ชฟๆปใ่กใใชใใฃใใ
Other sentence ending forms that should not be used when writing manuscripts (in left) and their replacements (in right).
-
ไบๅฎใชใฎใงใใ โ ไบๅฎใชใฎใงใใ๏ผใ ใ
-
ๆใใใงใใใใโ ๆใใใงใใใ๏ผใ ใใใ
-
ๆค่จใใฆใฟใพใใใใโๆค่จใใฆใฟใใใ
-
ๅ็
งใใฆใใ ใใใโ ๅ็
งใใฆใปใใ๏ผใใใใใ
-
ๆๅบใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใใโ ๆๅบใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใ
-
ไปใฎๆนๆณใใใใพใใโไปใฎๆนๆณใใชใใ
-
่กใใใใใงใใโ่กใใใใฎใ ๏ผใฎใงใใใ
-
ไบๅฎใชใใงใโไบๅฎใชใฎใ ๏ผใชใฎใงใใใ
-
ใใใใใใชใใงใใใใใโใใใฎใงใฏใชใใ ใใใ๏ผใงใใใใใ
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Other rules when writing manuscripts.
- Donโt use ใใฎ๏ฝ like ใใฎ่ซๆ๏ฝ or ใใฎๅฎ้จ๏ฝ etc
Instead use ๆฌ่ซๆ๏ฝ ๆฌๅฎ้จ๏ฝ etc.
- Donโt use particles like ใญใใใใใ
For example. ่ชฌๆใใพใใญใshould be written as ่ชฌๆใใใ
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Next lets look at list of words that are often used when speaking but should be avoided when writing reports/manuscripts.
We start with adverbs that should not be used and their replacements.
ใจใฆใใปใใใ โ ้ๅธธใซใปๅคงๅคใปๆฅตใใฆ
ๅ
จ็ถ โ ๅ
จใ
ใกใใฃใจ โ ๅฐใใปๅคๅฐใป่ฅๅนฒ
ๅ
จ้จ โ ๅ
จใฆ
ใฉใใฉใ โ ๆฅ้ใซใปๆฅๆฟใซ
ใ ใใ ใ โ ๆฌก็ฌฌใซใปๅพใ
ใซ
ใใถใ โ ใใใใ
ใใกใฐใ โ ๆใ
ใใฃใจ โ ใใใปๆดใซ
็ตถๅฏพใซ โ ๅฟ
ใ
ไป โ ็พๅจ
Thatโs a lot of adverbs to avoid.
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This was actually a super helpful list because Iโm still very much at the beginner level, but Iโve been working on translating recaps for pro wrestling shows (hereโs an example of one; click the button under ๅคงไผใใคใฉใคใ to see it), and your list helped clarify to me some of the word meanings and choices that I see in the recaps.
The wrestlers quoted in the recaps tend to use the more informal spoken language on the left, and the recap itself tends to use the words on the right. I have flash cards for a bunch of the words on both sides of this list in the various SRS that I use, but I hadnโt realized there was this kind of distinction there with the usage.
Super cool! Thanks for sharing!
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Thanks for commenting.
I am flattered that what I am trying to do it helping someone. Written Japanese is a separate beast in itself and needs a lot of practice if that is the ultimate aim.
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Early morning short post:
After adverbs lets look at conjugations that have no place in your manuscript.
ใงใ โ ใใใใปใ ใ
ใใฉ โ ใใใใปใ ใ
ใใใง โ ใใฎใใ
ใใใซ โ ใใฎไธใปใใใซใปใพใ
ใ ใใ โ ใใใใฃใฆ
Last set of words and forms that are no go in formal writing. After this we will move on to the equally interesting topic of ้ฃ็จไธญๆญขๅฝขใ
ใใใปใฎใง โ ใใ
ใจใ โ ใใ
ใใใช๏ฝใปใใใช๏ฝ โ ใใฎใใใช
ใใใใใฎ๏ฝ โ ๅคใใฎ
ใ ใใใ โ ็ด
่ฒใ
ใช โ ๆงใ
ใช
ใฟใใใซ โ ใฎใใใซ
ใใใ โ ใงใฏ
ใใชใใ โ ใใชใใใฐ
ใใจใ โ ใใฆใใ