If you want to read the complete story, it’s on the Google sheet linked in the OP. Second tab, “Split Messages”.
Also, while the clue came from every 4th line, the key for the Vigenere cipher was the letters on every other even-numbered line (I’m not really sure what to call that… every (4n+2)th line?). Guess that’s to stop us from just getting most of the clue phrases and then guessing the rest of the way.
Until recently, there was a little bit of lore around them, only available on the forums based on Koichi’s posts (if I’m not mistaken). Durtle Heaven is adding more lore, but we still don’t know many things about them.
I asked if there was a summary of this lore available somewhere, but there isn’t, so I might make one someday.
As far as I’m aware, durtles are created by burning turtles. We burn turtles because they represent kanji, and we want to burn kanji into memories? Turtle represents kanji because chinese used to write on turtle shells.
EDIT: Also there are like… two groups of people? The crabigators and the durtles, and they don’t like each other because crabigators eats durtles?
Here’s an article from Tofugu that touches on turtles and burning them. It does help clarify a bit why they use them; turns out it’s not just some random animal they decided to set on fire.