[aDoIJG] T 💮 A Dictionary of Intermidiate Japanese Grammar

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A Dictionary of Japanese Grammar Home Thread

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Week	Start Date	Reading	Entry Count	Page Numbers	Page Count
#24	Jun 15th	たびに to て	6	442 - 456	15
#25	Jun 22nd	て初めて to と言っても	6	456 - 477	22
#26	Jun 29th	という風に to とかで	7	478 - 499	22
#27	Jul 6th	ところ to とする1	7	500 - 523	24
#28	Jul 13th	とする2 to つつ	7	523 - 550	28

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[pm215]

On ては, interestingly the Dictionary’s entry only covers one of the meanings ては can have. This page divides them into three:

• if; because + bad result (the one the Dictionary describes)

• whenever A happens, B

彼女は亡くした子どもの写真を見ては泣いた。-- She cried whenever she looked at a picture of her lost child

• multiply repeated actions : this is usually AてはB, BてはA, but the second part can be omitted

立っては座り、座っては立ち、気分が落ち着かない – I keep standing and sitting down again, and can’t seem to settle down
久しぶりに山登りをした。歩いては休み、していたので、頂上までたどり着くのはずいぶん長い時間かかってしまった。 – It had been a while since I climbed a mountain. I kept resting after only walking for a bit and it ended up taking a long time before I reached the peak.

[Akashelia]

Really enjoyed the examples for というのは～ことだ with all the different sayings!

[fallynleaf]

たびに

Hey, this is one I distinctly remember learning from my early Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling translations!

The meaning of “each/every time” is emphasized by inserting ごと between たび and に.

The tense of the verb that comes before たびに is restricted to nonpast.

The particle に of たびに can’t be dropped.

Sinf たびに, N の たびに, and VN の たびに can be paraphrased by Sinf 時(に)はいつ(で)も, N にはいつ(で)も, and VN する時はいつ(で)も respectively. However, they aren’t always synonymous. Since the tense of the verb that comes before たびに is restricted to nonpast, it can be ambiguous whether a sentence is referring to something happening during a verb or after it has finished.

Sinf たびに and N の たびに can also be paraphrased by Sinf・nonpast といつ(で)も. The original and the paraphrased version again mean practically the same. But the example here is not ambiguous like the previous one and means only the second meaning.

I'm choosing a sentimental example. This was from one of my earliest TJPW translations, the 2022.03.07 press conference before the first Grand Princess, TJPW's first show at Ryogoku Kokugikan, the long-awaited dream venue of the wrestlers. This contains the context sentence that's on my Anki card for this word:

Here’s the video of the press conference, and here’s the official transcript. What I didn’t remember about this quote until I looked it up was that the person speaking here is Yuna Manase, a former TJPW wrestler.

まなせ「私がプロレスラー人生で一番長くいたのは東京女子なの。その東京女子が両国に行くの。東京女子にいた4年半、DDTの両国がある度に、東京女子のみんなが“いつか東京女子で両国をやりたい”っていうのをずっと聞いてたんだよ（涙）、だから私はこれに出るって聞いたときから、試合をしたいって思ってたんだよ」

Manase: “I spent the longest part of my career as a wrestler with TJPW. And now TJPW is going to Ryogoku. For the four and a half years I was with TJPW, every time DDT had a Ryogoku show, I heard everyone at TJPW saying, ‘I want TJPW to go to Ryogoku someday’ (tears up), so when I heard about this show, I knew I had to participate."

It was DDT’s 2019 Ryogoku Kokugikan show Ultimate Party that set me on the path that I’m on today, so DDTの両国がある度に, and TJPWの両国がある度に, a part of me gets a bit emotional, too.

ただ

ただ is a device to emphasize such ideas as “only”, “just”, and “simply”. A sentence with ただ and one without ただ mean the same thing unless ただ is followed by one + counter の noun (ex. 一台の車 “a car”). In sentences that aren’t structured like that, the addition of ただ just makes the sentence more emphatic.

ただ can be used in a variety of sentence patterns, and the ones presented here are not exhaustive.

たった can be used instead of ただ when one + counter immediately follows. However, たった can’t replace ただ in other uses. ただ can’t be used to modify a number beyond one or to modify an adverb.

I searched for this and 143 results came up in just one document and I was like “oh no”. Turns out that not only is this common, but it’s in other common words/structures, too… I thought I’d search through maybe 10 or so and hope to get lucky, and sure enough, I did manage to find one!

This was from the 2024.06.23 TJPW show, where Nao Kakuta faced rookie Shino Suzuki in one of the shows leading up to Nao's retirement:

Hard mode: here’s the video.

角田「試合の前に志乃のSNSで「刻み込みにいく」みたいなのを見てたんだけど、見たら本当にわかるんだけど、ビックリしました。私は絶対に負けないけどねと思っていたし、あまり志乃と試合をするタイミングがなかったけど、それにしても「こんな底力持っているの？」みたいな。試合をしながらビックリすることがいっぱいありすぎちゃって、本当に刻み込まれちゃったなって思っているんですけど（笑）。志乃がデビューした時の私とメッチャ似てるんですよ。後輩いっぱいいるけど、その中で勝てなくてという志乃が、デビューした時の自分に重ねるというのを実は意外とこっそり言ってて。でも、私と違うのは志乃はメッチャ前向きだし、ずっと努力することができる子。私はそういう努力も苦手だしできないし、やるしかない環境でただ這いつくばってやってきただけだったので。東京女子に来て自信つくところがついたんですよ。だからそういう変化を自分の中で東京女子に来て感じていたから、志乃は東京女子というこんな素敵な環境があるから、もっとメキメキ成長して。私がいなくなっても志乃の成長を私は見届けていきたいなと思うし、どこかで大勝ちしてすっごくキラキラしている志乃をいつか見せて欲しいなと思います」

Kakuta: “Before the match, I saw something like ‘I’m going to etch my name into her memory!’ on Shino’s social media, and truthfully I get it, but it surprised me. I thought, ‘sure, but I absolutely won’t lose’, and the timing never worked out for me to have many matches with Shino, but even so, I was like, ‘where has she been hiding that strength??’ There were so many things that surprised me during the match, and I think she really did etch her name.” (laughs) “Shino was a lot like me when she debuted. I’ve been saying on the sly that Shino, who has a lot of juniors, but couldn’t get any wins among them, there’s a lot of overlap there with my own debut. But the difference between us is that Shino is super positive, and she works hard all the time. I’m not good at putting in that kind of effort; I just crawled my way along in an environment where I had no choice but to do it. So when I came to TJPW, I gained a lot of confidence. That’s why I felt such a change in myself when I came to TJPW, and since Shino is in such a wonderful environment in TJPW, she’s growing remarkably fast. I want to watch over Shino’s growth even after I’m gone, and I hope I get to see her someday get a big win somewhere and really shine."

ただの

ただの N is used when the speaker makes nothing out of something/someone. So it can be used as a humble expression.

ただの N is similar in meaning to 普通の N which means “ordinary N”, but the latter doesn’t carry the former’s emotive overtone of “making nothing out of something/someone”, and is rather a neutral term to mean “not special” or “standard”. So when the emotive overtone is strong (including a case of humble expression), ただの can hardly be replaced by 普通の.

Here's an example that is not humble at all, haha. This was from TJPW's 2024.05.06 Korakuen Hall show, after Maki Itoh destroyed the rookie Haru Kazashiro in a singles match:

No video because this was said in the ring. Also, the beginning of it didn’t make it into the transcript, but I’ve included it in the translation for context.

伊藤「お前なんか想定内だ。お前なんかただの負け犬。でも、お前のくそだせえ姿に、ここにいるみんなは明日も仕事頑張ろうとか、学校頑張ろうとか思ってると思うよ。お前は伊藤に人生を変えられたって言ってたけど、お前ももうすでにたくさんの人の人生を変えてると思うし、お前はもう誰かにとってのヒーローだよ。だからな、ヒーローなら伊藤のことを推しとか憧れとか、そんなぬるいこと言ってんじゃねえぞ。ヒーローなら、伊藤麻希を潰しに来い。じゃあな」

Itoh: "Hey, weakling! You said it yourself didn’t you? ‘Today I’m going to try my very hardest, I’ll exceed what Itoh imagines of me’. But you’re just as I expected. You’re just a loser. But! Seeing you look so fucking pathetic, I’m sure everyone here is thinking about trying their best at school or work tomorrow. You said that I changed your life, but I think you’ve already changed a lot of people’s lives, and you’re already a hero to someone. So if you’re a hero, don’t say such lame-ass things like ‘Itoh’s my fave’ or ‘I want to be her.’ If you’re a hero, come crush Maki Itoh. I’ll see you then."

確かに～が

確かに～が is usually used when the speaker admits that something is certain or true but wants to say something in opposition to what is admitted.

～ことは～が can replace 確かに～が, but the latter sounds more subjective.

I don’t know if I’ve seen enough to confidently state this categorically, but I think this might in fact be the most common use of 確かに that I see in the wild.

Here's a TJPW example (I'm assuming that the けど version is basically the same) from the 2024.03.03 show, where Miyu Yamashita and Moka Miyamoto faced two of the 2023 rookies, Wakana Uehara and Toga.

Hard mode: here’s the video.

もか 凍雅ちゃんはデビュー1周年ということでどんどん強くなっているし。でも私たちも負けないぐらいどんどん成長するので。

Moka: “Since this is Toga-chan’s first anniversary, she has been getting stronger and stronger. But with as much as we’ve grown, too, she can’t beat us.”

山下 最近はわかなと地方でシングルしたり、凍雅とはタッグトーナメントで組んだりしてて。あの2人を最近見ることが多いですけど、確かに強くなっていると思うし、私もやっててテンションが上がるところがあるけど、まだまだまだまだ。気持ちはすごい強いなと思うけど、気持ちだけで勝てるものではないので。今日ガンガンいったので気付けたんじゃないかなと思います。まだ彼女たちは勝ちたいという気持ちだけだと思うんですよ。どうしたら勝てるのかというところを考えたらいいかなと思います。もかも勝ちたいという気持ちだけじゃなく、最近はこうすれば勝てるとかしっかり考えて闘っているなと見てて思うし、タッグを組んで心強いところもあるので。そういうところかな。すごく楽しかったです。

Yamashita: “Recently I had a singles match with Wakana at a show outside of Tokyo, and I teamed with Toga in the tag tournament. I’ve seen a lot of the two of them lately, and they’re definitely getting stronger, and doing matches with them gets me hyped up, but they still have a long way to go. I think they have strong feelings, but you can’t win with just feelings. I think they realized this today because they went all out. I think those girls still have only the desire to win. They should be thinking about how they can win. I think Moka has been thinking properly about how to win lately, not just feeling a desire to, and I felt reassured having her as my tag partner. I think that’s it. It was a lot of fun.”

[fallynleaf]

たところで

I struggle a lot with keeping all the ところ structures straight in my head, so I just know this is one I’ve had trouble with before…

The conjunction たところで is used with Vinf・past. The past form is used not as the past tense marker, but as the counterfactual marker. So in every case what is expressed in the たところで clause has not taken place yet. What the conjunction really means is: “even if one supposes an action or a state in the clause has already taken place.”

The main clause usually takes an explicit negative marker ない, but there are cases in which the main clauses express something undesirable.

Vinf・past たところで can always be replaced by Vても. The difference between them is that the former has a clear counterfactual meaning, but the latter does not. This means that there are a lot of cases where Vても can’t be replaced by Vinf・past たところで.

Another difference is that the main clause for Vinf・past たところで has to be negative either explicitly or implicitly, whereas the main clause for Vても can be affirmative.

There were only a handful of たところでs that I could find in my Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling translation documents, but I don’t think any of them were this structure.

て

The てform in question is followed by a duration.

The antonym for Vて + N(duration) is Vinf・nonpast + N(duration) まえに. (I had a bit of trouble at first wrapping my brain around this as an “antonym”.)

All the てforms in the examples can be replaced by てから. The only difference is that てから focuses on the point in time at which something takes place, whereas て focuses on the duration of time following て.

I’m not going to look for examples of this one because it would be too much of a pain.

て初めて

生まれて初めて is an idiomatic phrase which means “for the first time in one’s life”. Note that it does not mean “only after one was born” or “not until one was born”.

There were some instances of て初めて that I found in TJPW, but none of them had the “only after” nuance that this entry talks about. To me, they all seemed to be pretty straightforward “this was my first time ~ after ~” instances that is one of the basic てform meanings.

[Akashelia]

Cross over! This week in Quartet 2 we are also reading on つつ
Quartet’s take:

[fallynleaf]

点

点 can be followed by particles other than で.

The suffix 面 and the noun 点 express a similar idea. But as their original meanings (i.e. 面 “face, side”; 点 “point”) suggest, 面 reflects a more general, broader viewpoint than 点 does.

Here's an example from the Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling show on 2023.12.17, where Miu Watanabe faced Moka Miyamoto in a randomly drawn singles match with a 7 minute time limit:

Hard mode: here’s the video.

未詩「春日部大会、もかとシングルでしたー！ 1年に1回のくじ引きで、もかと闘ったのは1年半前くらいの大阪でのタイトルマッチ以来なんですけど。その時よりももかも成長してるし、私も成長してるし、お互い急成長中なわけなんですけど。7分じゃ足りないなってカード聞いた時から思いつつ、でも7分間でお互いできることを精一杯やったし、無事に勝つことができたのでよかったです。春日部楽しかったでーす。（メインを任された形でした）そうですね、メインでしたね、たしかに（笑）。でもなんか、普段から試合順をあんまり気にしない方がいい派だと思っていて気にはしなかったですけど、やっぱりメインイベントという自覚は持ちつつ、ちゃんとお客さんに幸せになって帰ってもらいたいので…っていう気持ちはあったんですけど。でもその点、もかとだったらそういう不安感はなかったので。堂々と、お客さんが楽しかったらいいなって気持ちです」

Miu: “I had a singles match with Moka at the Kasukabe show! This random drawing happens once a year, and I hadn’t fought Moka since our title match in Osaka about a year and a half ago. Moka has grown a lot since then, and I’ve grown, too, and we’re both growing so rapidly. The moment I heard the match announced, I thought that 7 minutes wouldn’t be enough, but we both did the best we could do in 7 minutes, and I’m glad I was able to secure the win. Kasukabe was fun!”

(You were given the main event)

“Yes, I was in the main event, that’s for sure.” (laughs) “But typically I think it’s better not to pay too much attention to the match order, so I didn’t pay it much mind, but I was conscious of being in the main event after all, and I did want to make sure the audience went home happy… But in that respect, since it was with Moka, I didn’t have that sense of anxiety. I just wanted the audience to have a good time."

ては

The conjunction ては is used to connect an action or state presented as a topic and a negative comment. The information of the ては clause is shared information and often includes the demonstrative adjective こ, そ, あ.

ては is etymologically Vて + は (topic marker), but it is used like a conjunction.

Vてはいけない, a phrase which indicates prohibition, is a special case of the ては construction.

I thought maybe I’d go looking for examples of this, but I underestimated the amount of totally different structures that result in a ては, so I think I’m going to have to skip it, which is unfortunate because I know I’ve struggled with this in the past.

@pm215

On ては, interestingly the Dictionary’s entry only covers one of the meanings ては can have. This page divides them into three:

Yeah, that is strange. I’ve definitely learned other uses, too, though I don’t think I’ve ever been super great at remembering them. I wonder if they left off the other uses by accident?

[fallynleaf]

Things have still been pretty rough for me, so I’ve fallen even further behind, but I’m still trying to get through this dictionary!

と

Oh boy, this entry is super long. I’ve definitely had trouble with this one in the past, especially when I first started doing wrestling translations.

For all of the example sentences here, the verbs of saying, thinking, feeling, or doing are ellipted, except for a few of the examples in which the entire いうように / いう風に is deleted.

In KS(A) type, the only type which allows ellipsis of 言って the main verb is usually a psychological verb such as 喜ぶ “rejoice”, 悲しがる “deplore”, 心配する “worry”, and 悔しがる "feel chagrined. The whole sentence refers not to the speaker’s but to a third person’s psychological state (is this still true? I feel like I’ve seen this before where it was referring to someone’s own thoughts, but maybe I’m misremembering).

The 思って-ellipsis is possible when the preceding verb expresses the speaker’s volition with Vvol or their conjecture. However, if the preceding verb does not express either volition or conjecture by means of だろう, かもしれない, and ようだ, the 思って-ellipsis does not usually occur.

The して-ellipsis out of Vvol として is possible only when the Vvol として clause appears in a larger construction.

The いう {よう / 風} に-ellipsis is possible when N Prt + N, . . . N Prt + N (そして) N(Prt) precedes という {よう / 風} に. Otherwise the ellipsis is impossible unless the main verb is a way of saying or thinking.

Kind of confusing! It’ll probably take me a while to wrap my brain around all of that.

Not going to go looking for examples for this one because I’m not about to search through all the とs.

と同時に

な-adjectives and nouns with と同時に usually appear in written language or formal speech. い-adjectives are usually not used with と同時に.

と共に can also replace と同時に when {Adj(な)stem / N} である precedes と同時に.

When a verb precedes と同時に, と共に can replace と同時に only if the two actions or events are not momentary actions or events. But if a noun precedes と同時に, と共に can replace と同時に even if the two actions or events are momentary.

と共に is usually used in written language.

Here's an example from Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling from their 2024.01.06 show after Miu Watanabe won the battle royale, earning herself a title shot at Miyu Yamashita's championship:

Hard mode: here’s the video.

山下「いよいよ3月31日両国国技館の相手がこのベルトを懸けて闘う相手が決まりました。きょうの試合は最初から最後まで見てましたけど、上福、中島、瑞希、リカ。この4人を倒してる姿を見てやっぱ強いなって。試合のなかでの未詩はやっぱり強いなって思ったし、すごいなあとも。率直な気持ちとしては思いました。それと同時に両国という大舞台で、そして東京女子にとってすごく大事なこの大会のメインで未詩と闘えるっていうのはものすごく嬉しいですし、高まる気持ちがすごくありました。ただまぁでも絶対に負けないんで、そこだけは揺るがないというか自分のなかの絶対な自信があるんで。未詩には全力で私を倒しにしてきてもらって。その上で、受けた上で私らしくチャンピオンとしてこのベルトをもっともっと東京女子プロレスのエースとして私が闘い続けて強くありたいなと思います。みなさん応援よろしくお願いします」

Yamashita: “Finally, my opponent is set for who I’ll be facing on March 31 at Ryogoku Kokugikan with this belt on the line. I watched today’s match from the beginning to the end, and Kamifuku, Nakajima, Mizuki, Rika, seeing her beat all four, I thought she was quite strong. I thought Miu was really strong in the match, and I thought she was amazing. Those were my honest feelings. At the same time, I’m very happy and excited to get to face Miu on a big stage like Ryogoku, and in the main event of such an important show for TJPW. That said, I absolutely won’t lose. On that, I’m unwavering—I have the utmost confidence on that point. I want Miu to come at me with everything she has to try to defeat me. In addition, after taking her on, I’m going to continue to be strong and fight in my own style as the champion, as the ace of TJPW, while I bear this belt. I look forward to your support.”

Interestingly, both of the examples that came up in my last translation document weren’t really describing two actions happening at the same time, but two feelings the speaker was experiencing, with the と同時に sort of being used to tack on an additional one. It feels pretty different from the definition in this book, though I can easily see how that use evolved from this.

と言っても

The X in Xと言っても can be dropped when the preceding sentence containing X is uttered by the same speaker and と言っても immediately follows the preceding sentence.

Xと言っても can be used without a preceding discourse containing X. In this instance, people may or may not actually be saying X, but by using と言っても, the speaker can avoid making a direct statement.

Couldn’t find any TJPW examples that were this particular structure.

[fallynleaf]

という風に

という風に is used to express what the manner of a person’s action shows or suggests. It’s also used when the speaker does not want to be exact about a message or an idea. Or it can be used to present specific examples of the way in which someone (or some people) does something.

というように can replace という風に without changing the meaning of a discourse.

This is one of those grammar nuances that often disappears in my English translations of Japanese, especially when it’s used to sort of hedge around an answer.

Here's an example from Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling's 2024.01.04 Ittenyon show after Miyu Yamashita defended her belt against Masha Slamovich:

Hard mode: here’s the video.

山下「取りましたよ、取りましたよじゃないか、勝ちました。あー、やっぱね、マーシャはすごくハードでタフで、でも本当アメリカでもいつも試合するたびにめちゃくちゃ楽しいなって思える相手なので、きょうも日本で、私的にはすごく待望の、日本でもマーシャとやりたかったんで。タイトルを懸けてやれたのはめちゃくちゃよかったし、想像以上にマーシャとの試合がすごく楽しくて、ファンのみなさん、みんなにも喜んでもらえたかなと思いました。でもめちゃくちゃハード、すごいめちゃくちゃ楽しかったです。マーシャがもう1回やろうって言ってくれてたんで。何度でも私もやりたいなと思ってるんで、日本でもアメリカでも、どっか違う国でも、どこでもいつでもやりたいなって思います。（今後は外国人選手との防衛戦を軸に考える）軸は考えてないですけど、東京女子のみんなとも、みんなっていうか東京女子、日本でも選手ともやりたいし、でもやっぱり自分がいま海外に行くことが多いんで、海外の選手とやることが多いです。私のなかで決めてるのは、東京女子内においては指名とかはしないって決めてるんで、今回。私がベルトを持ってて、山下のベルトに挑戦したいって思ってもらえるような選手になりたいのでこのベルトに挑戦させてくれって言われる方が、言われる待ちですねどっちかっていうと。軸とかじゃなくて、誰が相手でもこのベルトを懸けて倒していきたいなと。（１・６次期挑戦者決定戦があるが）そこで自然的に３月の両国につながると思うんで、次期挑戦者の、いまの東京女子、誰が来てもハードになると思うんで、誰が来てもしっかり倒したいですし、誰が来てもめちゃくちゃ楽しみなタイトルマッチになるんじゃないかなという風に思います」

Yamashita: “I won the belt! Or, I didn’t win it, but I won! Ah, well, Masha is very hardcore and tough, but she’s someone I’ve always had a lot of fun fighting each time we’ve had a match in the U.S., so facing her today in Japan, that’s something very long-awaited for me personally. I’m really glad we could do it with the title on the line, and the match with Masha was so much more fun than I’d even imagined, and I thought the fans seemed happy about it, too. But it was really hardcore, and really, incredibly fun. Masha said ‘let’s do it again.’ I’d also like to do it over and again, in Japan, in the U.S., in any other country, anywhere, anytime.”

(Are you focusing on defending against foreign wrestlers in the future?)

“I’m not specifically focusing on that, but I would like to face everyone in TJPW, or rather, not everyone, but wrestlers in TJPW and Japanese wrestlers. But I go overseas so often now, there’s a lot I’d like to do with foreign wrestlers. I’ve decided that I won’t nominate anyone in TJPW this time. I want to be the kind of wrestler who has people wanting to challenge for this belt while I’m holding it, so I’d rather have people ask me to let them challenge for it. I’d rather wait to be asked, if I were to choose. I don’t have something I’m focusing on or anything, but I want to put the belt on the line and beat my opponent no matter who they are.”

(There’s a match on January 6 to determine the number one contender)

“I think that’ll naturally lead to Ryogoku in March, so I think it’ll be hard no matter who in TJPW comes forward, and I will defeat her soundly no matter who it is, and I think it’ll be a really fun title match no matter who my next challenger is.”

ということは

S ということは is used when the speaker/writer views the content of S at a conceptual level. Specifically, it’s used when S is unlikely or impossible, or when the speaker/writer concludes or attempts to conclude something from S.

こと also changes a sentence into a noun clause. The difference between S ということは and S こと is that the former is used when S represents a concept rather than a fact or when the speaker/writer views the concrete content of S at a conceptual level. On the other hand, S こと is used when S represents a fact (or something nearly factual) and the speaker/writer views it at a concrete level.

First, S こと can’t be used when S is unlikely to happen. In this case, S ということ is used.

Second, if S represents a fact which the speaker/writer knows through their direct experience, only S こと is acceptable. However, S ということ is acceptable if S represents a fact which the speaker/writer knows through indirect experience (i.e. secondhand information).

Third, if S represents something likely to happen, both S こと and S ということ are acceptable. In this case, the speaker/writer may view the situation at either a concrete level or a conceptual level.

Fourth, when verbs like 感じる “feel” and 要求する “request; demand” are used, the content of S should be concrete. In this case, S こと is used. However, with verbs like 伝える “convey; tell” and 聞く “hear; listen”, both S ということ and S こと can be used because the content of S can be either conceptual or concrete.

Here's an example from the TJPW show on 2024.06.16 when Maki Itoh and Miyu Yamashita teamed up in their home region of Fukuoka:

Hard mode: here’s the video.

山下「地元・福岡凱旋！」

Yamashita: “We came back to our hometown, Fukuoka!”

伊藤「ありがとうございました」

Itoh: “Thank you very much."

山下「アクロス福岡、初ですね」

Yamashita: “It’s our first time at Acros Fukuoka.”

伊藤「勝ちました！」

Itoh: “We won!”

山下「勝ったぞ！ 今日のカードは海外選手、LAテイラーとバートビクセンを相手にこの福岡で海外にいっていた私たちらしいカードができて、すごくよかったなと思います。ただね、もっとできたんじゃないっていうね。それは私たちの成長を感じたからこそ、もっと上にいけるなというのはあったので。神戸でもやったけど、改めて伊藤と組むのはめちゃめちゃテンションが上がるし、闘うのもテンションが上がるし、最高のパートナーだなと思いました」

Yamashita: “We won!! Our match today was against overseas wrestlers, LA Taylor and VertVixen, and I’m really happy that we could do a match like that here in Fukuoka, a match typical for the two of us who had been overseas. However, I feel like we could’ve done more. I feel like we’ve grown, and that we can go even higher. Just like when we did it in Kobe, I really felt that teaming with Itoh gets me super pumped, and fighting her is also exciting, and I realized once again that she’s my best partner.”

伊藤「ありがとうございます。伊藤も今日敵2人と闘って、山下じゃないほかの誰かだったら伊藤が勝ててたかどうかはわからない。山下と組んで勝てるということはかみ合っているんだなって思うから。山下はあとどれくらい日本にいるんだっけ？」

Itoh: “Thank you very much. Facing our two opponents today, I also felt that if I’d been with anyone other than Yamashita, I don’t know if I could have won. If I can win with Yamashita, that means we mesh well together. How much longer are you going to be in Japan after this?”

I guess this is my last post until someone else posts in here .

[Akashelia]

@fallynleaf

I guess this is my last post until someone else posts in here .

Go go go @fallynleaf !

[fallynleaf]

というのに

Sinf というのに is used to indicate that an action or state expressed in the main clause takes place contrary to one’s expectation from an action or a state expressed in the subordinate clause.

いう in というのに in this heading does not have the original meaning of “say” because it does not express a quote, but there are cases in which it can express a quote.

All the Sinf というのに examples can be replaced by Sinf のに without changing the essential meaning, because both of them express the meaning of “although” (to be honest, I’m not entirely sure why this needed its own entry, because it feels pretty straightforwardly like it’s just という + のに…).

Sinf というのに is used when something quite contrary to what is expected from S is expressed in the main clause, so if the contrast to one’s expectation is not fully expressed, the use of Sinf というのに becomes marginal (I guess that’s why this needed a separate entry?).

Here's an example from the Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling press conference on 2024.06.26, leading up to the tag title match at Summer Sun Princess on 7.20 wherein Arisu Endo and Suzume defended their titles against Yuki Arai and Moka Miyamoto:

Here’s the video of the whole press conference, and here’s the official transcript. Some additional context: in pro wrestling, a wrestler pinning a wrestler who has a title in a non-title match is usually grounds for setting up a title challenge (which is how this one happened), and it’s usually considered a pretty big deal because the champion doesn’t take many direct losses to keep them looking powerful.

有栖「先ほどもかさんも言ってたんですけど、前回の浜松で鈴芽さんと組んで、ベルトを持っているというのに直接取られてしまって。その時はしゃべれないぐらいマジで悔しすぎて。涙も出ないぐらい悔しすぎて、その日の夜はメチャメチャ落ち込んで、SNSもあんま見たくないぐらい（苦笑）。でも、次の日起きたら「このままじゃダメだ」「マジでもっともっと頑張んなきゃ、強くならなきゃ」って思って。そう思わせてくれて、こうやって私たちが持っているタッグのベルトを懸けて闘えるというのはメチャメチャ嬉しいです。2人に関してはシングルのトーナメントでもタッグのトーナメントでも負けているので、その悔しさをこのベルトを懸けた闘いで全部ぶっ放して、このベルトを守りたいと思います」

Arisu: “As Moka-san mentioned earlier, I teamed up with Suzume-san last time in Hamamatsu, and even though I have a belt, she stole a pin from me. At that time, I was so frustrated, I couldn’t even speak. I couldn’t even cry. That night, I was so depressed, I didn’t even want to look at social media.” (laughs) "But when I woke up the next day, I thought, ‘I can’t go on like this,’ and ‘I seriously have to work even harder; I have to be strong.’ Having those thoughts spurred on, and being able to fight like this with the tag belts we hold on the line, that makes me so happy. As for my two opponents, I’ve lost to them in both the singles tournament and the tag tournament, so I want to defend my belt by pouring all of my frustration into the match.”

というのは～ことだ

Pretty sure I learned this one in at least one of my textbooks, haha.

Although there aren’t restrictions as to what precedes it, というのは is usually preceded by N / Adj(な)stem or { VP / AP / S} inf. Similarly, any form can precede ということだ, but it is normally preceded by { VP / AP / S} inf. When という is not present before ことだ, N の or the pre-noun form of V or Adj. must precede.

In X というのは Y ということだ, the presence of the second という depends on the relationship between X and Y. If Y is the unshortened word of, a definition of, or a synonym for X, という is not used (so I guess if it’s straightforwardly X = Y without much of the speaker’s/writer’s own extrapolation). If Y is an interpretation or explanation of X, という should be present. If Y can be interpreted either way, という is optional.

The book also gives some common phrases for asking the meaning of a word or a phrase/sentence. Note that in asking the meaning of X in conversation, X というのは is often contracted to X って. In informal conversation, simply X って (with rising intonation) is used.

X ということは Y ということだ also means that X means Y. However, this structure is used to provide an interpretation of a fact (or something nearly factual), and is not used to provide a definition, an explanation, or an interpretation of a word, a phrase, or a sentence. (So I guess it gets back a bit to the distinction between の and こと, with the latter connoting more emotional distance?)

I’m not going to search for an example of this because I think it’d be a bit too hard to find one, and none are coming to mind off the top of my head.

[fallynleaf]

と言うと

と言うと is used when something mentioned evokes some memory, or when the speaker/writer wants to make a remark which is different from what is expected. In both cases, the clause which follows X と言うと is a response (an involuntary action or state of mind) caused by X.

と言うと is also used to question the meaning of a word or phrase mentioned by the interlocutor.

と言えば is similar to と言うと, but と言えば is used when the speaker wants to present what has just been mentioned as a new topic. と言えば can’t be used to question the meaning of a word or phrase.

I couldn’t find any Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling examples that were this grammar point.

というより(は)

I made a card for this in Anki a while back ago, I think, haha. Though honestly it’s pretty straightforward!

X というよりは Y is used when the speaker/writer chooses what they believe to be a more accurate characterization of someone or something over another.

X というよりは Y usually takes a topic, but there are cases where it does not take a topic.

X というよりは Y often takes the form of X というよりはむしろ Y. The adverb むしろ makes the meaning of “rather” more explicit.

The past tense is usually specified once at the end of the sentence.

Here's a short TJPW example from the press conference on 2024.05.20 when Nao Kakuta announced her produce show:

Here’s a link to the video of the press conference, and here’s the official transcript.

――これは角田選手の興行に東京女子プロレスが全面協力ということでいいか。

――Is it correct to say that your show has TJPW’s full cooperation?

角田「今回は東京女子プロレスの興行というよりも私のプロデュース興行として東京女子プロレスに力を貸してくれた興行になります」

Kakuta: “This time, rather than being a TJPW show, this will be a show produced by me with the assistance of TJPW.”

とかで

It totally didn’t occur to me that this was a separate grammar point, wow.

The particle とかで is used to give an unconfirmed reason for a given action or state. The particle consists of the quotation marker と and the question marker か and the particle of cause/reason で. (And here I was, thinking this was とか + で ).

Since とかで is used to express what the speaker/writer has heard from someone as a reason for an action/state, the subject cannot be the speaker/writer themself.

とかで and から / ので are different in that the former is used to express an uncertain hearsay reason, whereas the latter two conjugations for reason/cause have nothing to do with hearsay.

I did a bit of searching, but was having trouble finding this exact structure in TJPW, so I think I’m going to give up on looking for an example.

[fallynleaf]

ところ

The ところ clan of grammar points… my enemy.

Vinf・past ところ is used when someone does something intentionally. So the ところ clause must represent a volitional action.

The main clause after a ところ clause must represent an event caused by the ところ action.

V ところ S cannot represent a non-past event.

V たら (i.e. Vinf・past ら) can be used in place of Vinf・past ところ, but V ところ is more formal than V たら and is usually used in formal speech and writing, while V たら is used in both formal and informal language. V たら also does not have the restrictions listed above.

I briefly went looking for Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling examples, but this is a frustratingly hard one to search for, and even a たところ search didn’t turn up anything that was this structure in the first document I searched, so I think I’m going to give up on that.

ところが

Legitimately thought this one was in the basic volume, because I think of this one as beginning grammar .

ところが always appears in sentence-initial position.

In “S1. ところが S2”, S2 represents something one does not expect from S1.

ところが is used in response to the addressee’s utterance. In this case, the sentence following ところが is not what the audience expects to hear.

The conjunctions だが, けれど(も), and しかし can replace ところが in “S1. ところが S2”, though the sense of unexpectedness disappears. However, they can’t replace ところが when “ところが , S” is in reply to a question.

ところが can’t be used when the situation doesn’t involve unexpectedness.

それが is also used when the speaker is going to provide an unexpected response to a question. ところが in such situations can be replaced by それが. However, unlike ところが, それが can be used when the second speaker is not sure what the first speaker expects to hear in the second speaker’s response.

I also had trouble finding TJPW examples of specifically this structure, so I gave up after searching just two of my documents.

とも

This one might actually be new to me? I’m not quite sure. It feels unfamiliar, at least.

The conjunction usually occurs with a Wh-word, but there are cases where a Wh-word is not used.

When とも is connected with an Adj(い), the form can be either Adj(い)stem くとも or Adj(い)stem かろうとも, but when Adj(い)stem is used with とも as a fixed phrase, only Adj(い)stem くとも is used. The only other commonly used fixed phrases are はやくとも “at the earliest” and たしょうとも “more or less”. All this (typo in the dictionary?) express quantity or degree and can be used in both spoken and written Japanese.

Note that も of Vvol とも can be deleted, but も of ても can’t be. も can also be omitted from Adj(い)stem かろうとも and Adj(な)stem であろうとも.

Vvol とも, {かろう / く}とも, and Adj(な)stem であろうとも can be replaced by ても or たって without changing the meaning. But とも definitely belongs to written Japanese (explains why I haven’t seen it…), and たって belongs to spoken Japanese. However, fixed phrases like 遅くとも “at the latest” and 少なくとも “at the least” are exceptions.

Adj(い / な) ても can be replaced by Adj(い)stem {く / かろう} とも / Adj(な)stem であろうとも, but Vても can’t be replaced by Vvol とも, especially when the verb expresses something controllable.

I searched とも in just one translation document and nearly gave up immediately, but then I had the idea of trying a うとも search, and it was more fruitful!

Here's an extremely recent example from the 2024.08.03 TJPW show, which was the second round of the Toyko Princess Cup, after Yuki Aino faced the rookie Runa Okubo:

Hard mode: here’s the video.

愛野「私は去年、一昨年と初戦敗退してたので3年連続になるわけにはいかないって思って。今日は琉那がどんな風に来ようとも死に物狂いでぶっ倒そうと思ってて。で、最初琉那に初のトーナメントの意気込みみたいなものを感じたんですけど、やっぱり脅威に感じるほどのことはなかったので。琉那が今日悔しいって感じたんだとしたら、次に闘える時には多分違う琉那を見せてくれると思うので。それを楽しみにしたいと思います。で、私は次の相手が中島翔子なので。うーん…中島さんはね、ホントでっかい人だから。でも絶対に負けません。次、新宿FACE楽しみです。頑張ります」

Aino: “Last year and the year before, I lost in the first round, so I knew that I couldn’t let that happen three years in a row. Today, no matter how Runa came at me, I was determined to fight desperately to bring her down. At the start, I felt Runa’s determination to do well in her first tournament, but ultimately it wasn’t enough for me to feel like she was a threat. If Runa felt frustrated today, the next time we fight, I think she’ll probably show a different side of herself. I’m looking forward to that. So, my next opponent is Shoko Nakajima. Well… Nakajima-san is a really huge person. But I absolutely won’t lose. I’m looking forward to our next match at Shinjuku FACE. I will do my best.”

となる

となる is similar in meaning to になる, but is more formal and is used exclusively in written language.

な-adjectives can’t precede となる.

I actually did find a TJPW example for this! Though it was in a paragraph summarizing a portion of a press conference and not in anyone's speech. This was from the 2024.07.22 ''random'' (I'll let you decide how truly random this was...) drawing to fill out the Tokyo Princess Cup bracket:

Here’s the official transcript, which the below paragraph was pulled from. And here’s the video of it, though I’m unsure if the same wording is used here or not.

22日、東京・渋谷のAbema Towersにておこなわれた7・28両国KFCホールから開幕する『第11回東京プリンセスカップ』組み合わせ抽選会に、エントリー選手が臨んだ。8・3新宿FACEからの出場となる水波綾の枠を決めた後、難波小百合リングアナが本日都合により欠席となった荒井優希、鈴芽、原宿ぽむ、大久保琉那、ザラ・ザッカーの抽選を先に実施。その後、出席者が封筒を選ぶ形で抽選をおこない、1回戦並びに2回戦の組み合わせを決定。ブロックごとに意気込みを述べた。

On July 22, at the Abema Towers in Shibuya, Tokyo, participating wrestlers took part in a random drawing to determine the matchups for the “11th Tokyo Princess Cup”, which will start on July 28 at Ryogoku KFC Hall. After deciding the bracket placement of Ryo Mizunami, who will participate starting from Shinjuku FACE on August 3, ring announcer Sayuri Namba drew lots for Yuki Arai, Suzume, Pom Harajuku, Runa Okubo, and Zara Zakher, who were absent that day due to personal circumstances. After that, the participants drew lots by selecting envelopes to determine the first and second round matchups. Each block of wrestlers gave comments.

となると

This one has confused me before, haha.

When N precedes となると, it means “when it comes to N”.

S となると is used when the speaker/writer has just learned that S is true.

とすると is similar to となると in that both express a provisional idea. However, S となると is used when the speaker/writer takes S to be true or a reality. So となると can’t be used in hypothetical situations, and とすると is unacceptable when the situation involves an actual event.

Immediately found a TJPW example from the last translation, but it was also a characteristically weird Miu sentence where she uses a word kinda wrong and confuses herself and also me, so I went looking for another example, but couldn’t find one…

So, you get the weird Miu sentence! This was from the second round of the Tokyo Princess Cup on 2024.08.03 after Miu Watanabe faced the visiting American wrestler Zara Zakher:

Hard mode: here’s the video (I guess there’s a chance the video may help with this lol because you can see where she gets tripped up).

未詩「トーナメント2回戦…うー！ 負けました。あー…ザラ・ザッカー、初めて闘ったんですけど、やっぱ圧倒的ポテンシャル。何回か（試合は）見てたんですけど、やっぱ初めてやる選手となると、自分の瞬間の…瞬発？で最後負けてしまったなっていうのがあるんですけど。トーナメントは悔しいけど私が今一番強いベルトを持っているからこそ、この負けは…いつか勝ちにして。もっともっと強いってことを証明できるように、また強くなります。頑張ります」

Miu: “Second round of the tournament… ugh! I lost. Ah… Zara Zakher, it was our first time fighting, but she really does have incredible potential. I’d watched some of (her matches), but when she was someone I was facing for the first time, I feel like in the end I lost out when it came to my instantaneous… spontaneity? I’m disappointed about the tournament, but because I have the top belt right now, I will make this loss… into a win someday. I will get strong again so that I can prove that I’m even stronger. I will do my best.”

Now I’m stuck waiting for someone else to comment again, I think, haha

[Akashelia]

I got you

[fallynleaf]

通り(に)

This is another one I think of as beginning grammar…

X 通り means either that someone does something in the same way as X [manner], or that something agrees with X [concordance]. In the first case, the particle に, but in the second case, no particle follows.

通り is sometimes followed by the object marker を. This is the same as 通りのことを “Things which are the same way as”.

N with the suffix どおり is more commonly used than N のとおり.

In some contexts, ように, the adverb form of ようだ also expresses the idea “in such a way”. But X ように basically means that the way someone does something or something takes place is like X, while X 通り means that the way someone does something or something takes place is the same as X. So in contexts where the way is practically the same as X, ように and 通り are almost interchangeable, otherwise they are not.

Here's an example from the Tokyo Joshi Pro Wrestling press conference on 2024.06.26 leading up to Suzume and Arisu Endo defending their tag titles against Moka Miyamoto and Yuki Arai:

Here’s the official transcript of the press conference, and here’s the video.

鈴芽「もかがこの間のコメントで挑戦したいというふうに言っていたのを伝えられた時、真っ先に思い浮かんだのが荒井ちゃんだったんですよ。というのも後楽園のコメントでも荒井ちゃんはタッグベルトに対して発言していて、その時から意識はしていたし、そして自分の中でももかが挑戦したいと言った時に私がやりたいタッグ、もかと一緒に組むなら荒井ちゃんがいいって思ったんですよ。その2人が来てくれたことが嬉しいし、ワクワクしています。有栖が言っていた通り、私たちトーナメントでこの2人にずいぶん前に負けていて、その時から悔しさをバチバチ燃やしているんですけど、そこから個人個人で強くなってきた部分を見てきたし、ステップアップした2人が組んだ今、ちょっと恐ろしいんじゃないかという気持ちもあります。が、2人でずっとやってきて、2人で悔しいも嬉しいも共有してベルトに届いた私たちはタッグとしてもっともっともっと強くなっている自信があります。だから絶対負けません！」

Suzume: “When I was told that Moka was talking about wanting to challenge in her comments the other day, Arai-chan was the first person to come to mind. Because ever since Arai-chan made a remark about the tag belts in her comments at Korakuen, I’ve been conscious of her, and internally, when Moka said that she wanted to challenge, that was the tag team I wanted to face—if Moka was teaming up with someone, I thought Arai-chan would be good. I’m happy that those two came forward, and I’m really excited. Like Arisu said, we lost in tournaments to those two ages ago, and ever since then, I’ve been burning hot with frustration, but I’ve seen how they’ve each grown individually from there, and now that they’ve stepped it up and teamed up, I’m a little bit scared. But the two of us have been doing this for a long time, and we’ve shared our frustrations and our joys together in order to reach the belts, and I’m confident we’re just gonna get stronger and stronger as a tag team. So we’re absolutely not going to lose!”

とする１

I think this one is new to me?

The common meaning for all the uses of する in the examples is the speaker’s assumption about something. Vinf・past とする is a hypothetical assumption. Excepting the cases where とする is used in the sense of “regard ~ as ~”, practically all the uses of とする can take both non-past and past tenses.

The choice of past tense over non-past tense serves to indicate a greater degree of hypothesis, because the past tense expresses something as if a given situation already existed. The similar contrast that is found in basic grammar is ～ほうがいい.

In terms of the choice of particles, there are three patterns for the N (だ/である)とする structure: N1 {が / を / は} N2 (だ/である)とする.

が adds a meaning of (not something else but) the N indicated by が, を changes the original subject to the direct object, and は presents it as the topic of the sentence.

Comparing N とする to N にする, the choice of the particle に indicates that the speaker causes the change, whereas the choice of the particle と indicates that the speaker simply assumes a certain state of the matter. So if the speaker cannot make an assumption about something, the use of と is ungrammatical.

Similar to a note in a recent entry, とすれば / する can be contrasted with となれば / なると, with difference of meaning. The former expresses an assumption, but the latter expresses a reality.

I’m not going to look for examples of this because I think it’ll be impossible to find this structure.

とする2

I’ve seen this a lot! It confused me at first haha but now I have come to expect it and know what to look up at least.

Sound-symbolical word + とする is used to mean “to look ~” or “to feel ~”. The sound-symbolical word (i.e. a phono-mime, pheno-mime and psycho-mime) (the dictionary is just referring to the types of onomatopoeia here) might express sensory experience or psychological experience.

Nice list of onomatopoeia here!

The dictionary makes it sound like onomatopoeia with reduplication don’t normally fit into the とする pattern? I’m not sure about that… My understanding, at least, is that onomatopoeia do tend to fit into categories based on whether they take と or not, but I’m pretty sure there are plenty of not single sound onomatopoeia that also take とする, right? Now I’m doubting what I thought I knew…

It was a bit of a pain searching for examples, but I did find one from the 2024.02.10 TJPW show when Mizuki faced the American wrestler Zara Zakher:

Hard mode: here’s the video.

瑞希「ヤバーイ！ヤバい、デビュー１年ちょっとと、聞いてたのにまさか、チョーパワフル。なんかでもすごいハッとしました、スイッチが入りました。もっといろんな選手と試合がしたいです。ザラはでもパワフルすぎ！ でも応援の声もたくさん聞こえたので、私はたくさんの愛を届けて、愛をもらったので、頑張れます！ありがとう！ ありがとうございます」

Mizuki: “Amazing! Wow, I heard that she’d debuted just over a year ago, but boy was she powerful. Like, I was really surprised, and I really flipped the switch. I want to have matches with more different kinds of wrestlers. Zara is too powerful, though! But I heard so many people cheering for me, so I gave a lot of love and received love back, so I’m able to do my best! Thank you! Thank you so much.”

途端(に)

In “V1 途端(に) ～ V2”, V2 must represent an uncontrollable action, although when the subject of V2 is the third person, a controllable verb is acceptable.

The demonstrative adjective その “that” can precede 途端, but この and あの cannot (interesting).

The particle に is optional when 途端 is modified by a verb or by その.

と同時に expresses an idea similar to 途端(に), except と同時に focuses on simultaneous action and 途端(に) on suddenness. と同時に doesn’t have the same restriction with uncontrollable/controllable actions that 途端(に) has. と同時に can also express concurrent states, while 途端(に) is used only for actions. と同時に can be preceded by nouns and adjectives while 途端(に) occurs only with verbs and その.

I didn't really recognize this structure so I wasn't sure I'd learned it before, but I went searching anyway, and sure enough, I found an example in the 2023.03.04 show, which had a preview match leading up to the previous Miu Watanabe vs Rika Tatsumi title match for the International Princess championship:

Hard mode: here’s the video. Some context is that “妖怪” and “百鬼夜行” came up in the press conference before this, haha.

辰巳「今日はありがとうございました」

Tatsumi: “Thank you very much for today.”

角田「でもミサヲさんがせっかく白昼夢にちなんで8926文字で詩をね、用意してくれたんですけど…お客さんたちも『うんうん』ってすごいいい話が始まる感じで聞いてたのに、全然10文字くらいしか聞かせてもらえなくて」

Kakuta: “But Misao-san prepared a 8,926-character poem about Daydream… The audience was listening along as if it were the start of a great story, but they only got to hear roughly the first 10 characters.”

辰巳「私も聞きたかったんだけどさ…」

Tatsumi: “I wanted to hear it, too…”

ミサヲ「ながのけんにうまれしひとりの…12しか言えなかったんですけど」

Misao: “One was born in Nagano Prefecture… I could only say 12 characters.”

辰巳「有明が来ちゃうからさ。だし、作戦もね」

Tatsumi: “If you read the whole thing, it would already be time for Ariake. And that was my plan.”

角田「作戦だったんですか？」

Kakuta: “That was your strategy?”

辰巳「だったじゃん」

Tatsumi: “It was!”

ミサヲ「まぁ…結果的に、というか。先に言ってくれー」

Misao: “Well, results-wise, I mean… But tell us first!”

辰巳「作戦がうまくいきました」

Tatsumi: “My plan worked!”

角田「さすがです。妖怪とか百鬼夜行とか、聞いたことがない単語が2人のタイトルマッチが決まった途端にいろんなところで見れるようになって。そうはなれないけど、こういう成分を学んでいこうと思います（笑）」

Kakuta: “Just as you’d expect. We started to see the truth of words like yokai and a procession of monsters the moment their title match was set. I’m going to study those aspects.” (laughs)

辰巳「（突然発狂して2人を突き飛ばし）うるせー！ でも今日は勝ったんですけど、本番はどうなるか分かんない。だけど私は絶対にアイツをぶっ倒します。見ててください！」

Tatsumi: (suddenly goes crazy and pushes the two of them away) “Shut up! I won today, though I don’t know how things are going to go when it’s the real deal. But I’m going to beat her for sure. Please watch me!”