This is my attempt at page 6. I apologize for the formatting. I basically cut/pasted from my personal notes. If this is too much information, pleasae let me know and I will stop including it.
山のことは、もう、松ぞうじいさん しか 知っている 人が いなくなってしまいました。
Translation There are no longer any people so the lumberjack is the only one who remembers/knows things about the mountain.
Notes
• 山 の こと は https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/generic-nouns/
o Xのこと: Things about X
o あなたは 結婚(けっこん)した日(ひ)のことを 覚(おぼ)えて いますかDo you remember things about the day [we] got married?
o If you don’t use Xのこと in the above example, it would be: 結婚した日を覚えている (Do you remember the date when we got married) ？
• もう already (affirm)any more, no longer (negate) past perfect tense 「もうVERB た orました」https://tinyurl.com/maggiesensei
o The three perfect tenses in English are the three verb tenses which show action already completed.
Past Perfect: I had seen it. (Past tense of to have plus participle. Action is completed with respect to the past)
o 辞(じ)書(しょ)はもう(買(か)った / 買(か)いました）か Have you already bought the dictionary?
o でんしゃはもうでました。(The train has already left.)
o もうおさけがありません。(There isn’t any more alcohol.)
• しか Particle (used with negative verb) = only; nothing but
o CHAPTER 5. EXPRESSING AMOUNTS 5.6.3 used to indicate the lack of everything else. In other words, the rest of the sentence must always be negative.
• 知って inflection of 知る: Te-form. It is a connective form of the verb. ALSO NOTE: Te-iru-form. It indicates an action that is ongoing.
o 1. to be aware of; to know
o 4. to remember
• CHAPTER 4. COMPOUND SENTENCES 4.4.2 Expressing a sequence of verbs with the te-form. This rule also works for the polite「です」and「ます」endings.
•Positive: Conjugate the verb to its past tense and replace「た」with「て」or「だ」with「で」.
•Negative: Same as i-adjectives, replace「い」with「くて」.
o 食堂に行って、昼ご飯を食べて、昼寝をした。I went to cafeteria, ate lunch, and took a nap.
• Te-iru-form. It indicates an action that is ongoing.
o いる , Auxiliary verb 3. to be …-ing; to have been …-ing, after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state
人 が person= subject of the sentence
• いなく なって inflection of いなくなる, Te-form. It is a connective form of the verb. NOTE BELOW ALSO: unintentional things that happen-form
Expression:. to disappear; to stop being; to leave, See also 居る いる, See also 成る, from いる and なる
• しまいました inflection of しまう,
o Masu-form. It is the polite form of the verb.
o Ta-form. It indicates the past tense of the verb.
CHAPTER 5.3. THINGS THAT HAPPEN UNINTENTIONALLY or regrettably
o 2.毎日ケーキを食べて、２キロ太ってしまいました。
I ate cake everyday and I (unintentionally) gained two kilograms
• https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/utilization-of-the-te-form/
• http://www.imabi.net/teshimau.htm
o 5. 窓を閉めなかったので、風邪を引いてしまいました.
I didn’t close the window, and so I caught a cold.
いなく なって しまいました unintentionally disappeared, regrettably gone
ある日 孫の 鳶吉が、町の 人を つれて 小屋に 入ってました。
Translation One day, his grandson entered his hut with a man from the town.
Notes
· ある (或 ) Pre-noun adjectival Usually written using kana alone
- a certain (NOUN).; some (NOUN) a noun modifier used when referring to a nonspecific time, place, thing etc…
· 日 (ひ) day
· ある日 one day
· まち 町 town
· つれて (連れる) つれて could be an inflection of つれる, with te-form. It is a connective form of the verb.
- to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
· こや 小屋 1. hut; cabin; shed; (animal) pen 3. one’s own house, Colloquialism, esp. しょうお
· に particle 2. to (direction, state); toward; into
· 入ってました (はいってました) an inflection of 入る, with:
- Te-iru-form. It indicates an action that is ongoing.
- Masu-form. It is the polite form of the verb.
- Ta-form. It indicates the past tense of the verb
to enter; to go into
| Past, polite |
入りました |
|
| Te-form |
入って |
|
「おじい、この 人が、きつねの しゃしんを とりたいんだと。」
Translation Grandpa, this man wants to take a picture of a fox.
Notes
-
お 1. honorific/polite/humble prefix じい grandfather (may be used after name as honorific) Usually written using kana alone
-
きつね (狐) fox Usually written using kana alone
-
しゃしん (写真) Noun 1. photo; picture
-
とりたい (取る1. to take; to pick up OR 撮るto take (a photo)esp. 撮るor捕るto take; to catch; to capture)
- 4.10. DESIRE AND SUGGESTIONSCHAPTER 4. ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR 4.10.2 Verbs you want to do with「たい」You can express verbs that you want to perform with the「たい」form. All you need to do is add「たい」to the stem of the verb.
2.温泉に行きたい。I want to go to hot spring.
-
んだ https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/explanatory-noda/
- のだ is formal and preferred in writing while んだ is a casual and preferred in speaking.
- Five Functions of the Explanatory のだ （んだ）
- A reason why
- Making an inference
- Discovery of non physical objects (figure something out)
- Summaraizing/rewording—in other words
- Prefacing remark
-
と ？？？？？
末蔵爺さんは、まゆを よせ、きゅうに ふきげんな 顔に なって ふりむきました。
Translation The lumberjack’s eyebrows immediately scrunched up and he turned around with a sullen expression
Notes
· まゆ (眉) . eyebrow
· よせ (寄せ) Noun - used as a suffix gathering; collecting; coming together
· きゅう (急) · に Adverb 1. swiftly; rapidly; quickly; immediately; hastily; hurriedly
· ふきげんな (不機嫌) Na-adjective, Noun 1. pout; displeasure; ill humor; ill humor; sullenness
na-adjective can directly modify a noun following it by sticking 「な」 between the adjective and noun. (Hence the name, na-adjective.)
· かお (顔 ) Noun 2. look; expression; countenance
· ふきげんな 顔 with a sullen expression
· なって an inflection of なる, with Te-form. It is a connective form of the verb.
5. to change into; to be exchanged for
· ふりむきました (振り向く) to turn one’s face; to turn around; to look over one’s shoulder
ふりむきました could be an inflection of ふりむく, with
Masu-form. It is the polite form of the verb.
Ta-form. It indicates the past tense of the verb.
そして、言いました。
Translation and then he said…
Notes
そして、Conjunction 1. and; and then; thus; and now; and finally Usually written using kana alone
言いましたinflection of 言う, with
Masu-form. It is the polite form of the verb.
Ta-form. It indicates the past tense of the verb.
- to say; to utter; to declare
